ScHARKF, SliYMOUR, AND NlCWTON — Castlepook CttVP. 39 



bones of Mammoth, &c, but we worked it out in 1904, piling the sand further 

 south. It was covered with rubble, under which were 2 or 3 feet of red-brown 

 bone-sand, then pale, barren sand, then again red-brown sand with bones, and 

 lowest black, barren sand. Vertebrae and bits of tusk of Mammoth were in the 

 dark red sand as well as in rubble and breccia, and the leg bone of a Bear 

 was placed perpendicularly in the sand-bed. 



On the east side of the Abyss (about No. 7 level) is a series of openings 

 into the next gallery that remind one of a clerestory, and the bases of this 

 series run in an inclined plane of bedding, dipping north. They were 

 apparently made by water which ran from this gallery into the next or vice 

 versa, and in the orifice by which we squeeze into the next, the Straddling 

 Gallery, Mr. U. Evans found a Bear's femur. At the lowest level explored 

 are water channels of a much later period communicating with the galleries 

 on both sides of the Abyss. 



The Straddling Gallery (10) is dark, narrow, and uniform in breadth 

 like the Abyss, but the upper stalagmite is continuous overhead. Entering 

 through one of the clerestory openings (between 9 and 10) one finds ledges 

 on each side which afford footing far above the bottom. Proceeding along 

 these a hole is reached on the east side by which one passes into the third 

 gallery, and a corresponding opening leads into the fourth gallery of this 

 section, called Fairy-land. At the bottom of the Straddling Gallery was a 

 bed of sand that contained bones of Bear and Beindeer. 



The Third Gallery. At the point where we enter the roof to the right 

 shows a small twin gallery ; the partition must have fallen before the forma- 

 tion of the upper stalagmite, as this extends across both it and the main 

 gallery in an unbroken sheet. This Third Gallery contained in places three 

 distinct Moors of stalagmite at different levels, the lower floors being chiefly 

 composed of broken masses united together, and such a secondary floor was 

 found even under upper stalagmite unbroken. It was prolific in bones, chiefly 

 below the third stalagmite floor, and these were coated with hardened mud. 

 Though the curve of the roof widens above the upper stalagmite more than 

 the perpendicular walls below, yet the tunnel shape is not developed either 

 here or elsewhere in Fairy-land, and the deep trench, though represented, is 

 not much narrower than the body of the gallery. There are side openings in 

 the walls far above the level of the clerestory in the Abyss. 



Near the southern end of this long gallery is an opening low down on the 

 west side that leads into deep, empty caverns and swallow-holes in the line 

 of the Straddling Gallery. 



The Fourth Gallery. The roof is duplicated as in the Third Gallery 

 It shows the simple vaulting above the upper stalagmite, which remains in 



