322 
451, 1860, 300; Ber. Bamb. 1863, 106; Abh. Nirnb. 1864, 135. HARrTL., 
J.f.O. 1854, 307, LXV. ScHWAB, Abh. z.-b. G. 1854, 524. Lev, Vög. 
1855, 19. 0. CE N-a 1855, 51. LANDB., 1. c. 87. WESTERL., Göt. 
Härd (1853-4) 1855, 70. ov. NORDM., Vä. Soc. Förh. II 1853-5, 72. 
LrLorp, Ant. II 1855, 211; Game B. 1867, 340. Borsm., N-a 1855, 316. 
BRAHTsS, 1. c. 332. DeEGL., 1. c. 419. VANGER., J.f.O. 1855, 346. HORN 
Vög. Ung. 1856, 29. Pässr., J.f.O. 1856, 65. fu NES ER an 
N-a 1856, 65; J.f.O. 1859, 462. J. W.v. MöLr., J.f.O. 1856, 234. MzEv., 
Öfri NA. Förh. 1856, 278; 1868, 282. BUVvrY, J.£O. 1857, 132. v. REA 
Sitz.-b. Ak. Wien 1856, 323. Gunpr., J.f.O. 1857, 232; 1871, 284. 
ALTHAMM., N-a 1857, 404. ErEH., N-a 1858, Tv 0 JR HOTenb: 
Ver. 1858, 54. A. Fritscr, J.f.O. 1858, 412. Pr. v. Wien, J.f.O. 
1859, 258. Finscn, J.f.O. 1859, 387. SzipL., Sitz.-ber. Dorp. 1860, 
45. LINDERM., Vög. Gr. 1860, 181. Tzristr., Ibis 1860, 157; 1868, 
331. Pow., Ibis 1860, 356. Simpson, Ibis 1860, 393. R. Bras., Ber. 
14 Vers. D. Orn. Ges. 1862, 74. JEittEL., Verh. z.-b. G. 1862, 278. 
Harr, Montr. 1862, 409. Rönm., Verz. 1863, 72. Hintz, J.f.O. 1863, 
429, 432; 1868, 404. SzEzzEK., Ber. Cass. 1864, 43. Arrtum, J.f.O. 1864, 
(104) 88. (LUNDBORG), Jäg.-förb. tidskr. 1864, 98. v. NorpDwM., J.f.O. 1864, 
382. CoLLeETT, Mag. f. Nat. 1864, 278, 474. JErb., B. Ind. III 1864, 875. 
Riva, Orn. 1865, 501. ArBARD., Herkl. Fn. III. 1866, 233. STÖLK., St. 
Gall. Nat. G. 1867, 75, 87; J.f.O. 1869, 339. v. Drostzr, J.f.O. 1868, 46. 
TRISTR., Ibis 1868, 331. BrUumin, Sitz.-b. z.-b. G. 1868, 252. PÖRGAr 
Nordd. 1869, 145. SCHWED., Syn. 1870, 32. v. KocH, J.f.O. 1870, 237, 
293. Korm., Gotl. Fogl. 1871, 13. AHLIN, Jägarf! ot. TSTI, 82. 
HoLL., Wirb. 1871, 91. GozsB., J.f.O. 18793, 113, NOA SPAM; bin. 
Fogl. II 1873, 579; J.f.0.1876, 62. DUurnr., Ibis 1874, 392, 400. Rorw., 
V. Schl.-H. 1875, 24. Krör., Momms. Gr. Tölr. III 1875, 385. NEHRE., 
J.£.O. 1876, 160. KouLwu., Brun Veg; 71877, 37... Snr, I.£.O: 1877, 
68; E. v. Howm., Deutsch. Säug. u. Vög. 1877, 78; Reise 1880, 21. v. 
'TscHusi, Vög. (SRV. 1877, 90. Wäösrt., Orn. C. 1877, 115-6. DAnF., 
Ibis 1877, 271; 1878, 3, 5. FöR sO J.£.O. 1877, 339; 1878, 434. 
1880, 93; 1882, 107. Pliser J.£.0. 1878, 94. KuTTER, 1. c. 314,-5. 
Kronpr. Ruporr, E. v. Hom., Brenm, J.f.O. 1879, 14, 15, OT 129. 
'ToB., Orn. C. 1879, 144. TOR Fört. 1880, 4. HaANnF, Orn. C.1880, 
113, lg ZAND., TANCR., RADDE, v. MADARASC, E. v. How., Öre Br. 1881, 
231, 273,-9, 305, 364. 
SVART TÄRNA. 
STERNA NIGRA. 
1798, 323; 1812, 490. ÖnpwM., SN Ssndn 1792, 70. ;Bnoesr., Jagdw. I, mn 
1802, 478; Naturg. IV 1809, 697 —+S. nigra; Orn. Tasch. II 381; III 
1812, 587. ZaAw., En. 1840, 120. Wircew. u. RutH, Zool. 1848, 149. 
DzEGL. & G., Orn. II 1849, 349. JäAÄcKr., N-a 1852, 2 H. 122. ?CALWER, 
N-a 1853, 101. LUNGERSHAUSEN, l. c. 103. BaiLLY, Orn. IV 1854, 296. 
F.-Braum., N-a 1856, 165. SCHLEG., Mus. Stern&e 1863, 29. C. A. 
WriGHTt, Ibis 1864, 153, 238. v. DROSTE, J.f.O. 1864, 426. BLAs., 
J.f.O. 1866, 82. R. Bras., Eischale d. Vög. 1867, 29. MARCHAND, ar 
& Mag. Z. 1867, 322.. A. OC. Smitt, Ibis 1868, 458. MARCHANT, Cat. 
1869, 77. ELw., BucKL., Ibis 1870, 338. Arvres, Ibis 1871, 267. SOA 
Ibis 1871, 399. B. R. SHArRPE, P. Z. S. 1871, 614. BE. Rrr, ya 
1872, 139; Z. G. 1874, 391. DuzrnF., Ibis 1874, 400. REICHENOW, J.f.O. 
1875, 48. DurnF., Br., Ibis 1875, 432. ScHaLr., J.f.O. 1876, 8. J. P. 
MULI: Lar AT 1876, 289. GoOELDL., J.f.O. 1879, 384. 
Sterna nevia L., S.N. XII 1766, 228 (ex BRISSON). LaAraE.-B., III, 1 315 
PAEn, Zo0gt. IL 1811; 031. 
Larus merulinus Scor., Ann. I Hist. Nat. 1769, 81. 
Sterna surinamensis GM., L. S.N. 1788, 604. LaATE., Ind. II 1790, 804. 
Sterna obscura GM., 1788, 608. DLaArH., Ind. II 1790, 350. LaAru.-B., III, 1 
324. 
Sterna hirundo RETtz., En. 1800, 162 ex Pp. 
Sterna plumbea ST Am. Orn. VII 1813, 83, pl. 60. v. PELz., Novara 
Reise. Orn. 155. 
Hydrochelidon nigra Borr, Isis 1822, 563. L. Brrnm, V. D. 1831, 793; J.f.O. 
1854, 318-20. BONAP.. Comp. List. 1838, 61. BryrH, Cat. (1849) 291. 
ViDAL, Mem. Madr. Ala 1851; ref. J.f.O. 1855, 316. GUNDL. u. CAB., 
J.f.O. 1857, 232. Hart. ÖR Westafr. 1857, 256. SEiDL., Sitz.-ber. N. 
Ges. Dorp. 1860, 45. Ta Ibis 1860, 82. ÄLBEROUT) J.£.O. 1862, 
207. A. v. How., J.£.0. 1862, 431. [Cf. SwintH., Ibis 1863, 428; P.zZ. 
S. 1863, 328; 1871, 421]. v. Prrz., J.f.O. 1864, 74. SALVIN, Ibis 1864, 
383. BLas., J.f£.O. 1866, 82. Horrz, J.f.O. 1866, 381-2; 1868, 126; 
Mitth. Ver. N.-Vorp. 1873, 142. Gozrz., J.f.O. 1870, 182; 1871, 150; 
1873, 13, 17, 133. Sev., Turk. Jev. Bull. Söt. Mosc. 1873; ref. Dress., Ibis 
1876, 416. v. HLuGeL J.f.O,- 1874, 547 402; SAND. "Pi ZS. 1876, 
642-3. DzRrEss., B. Ur LIV 1876. Marm, Fn. 1877, 386, 305; Göt. 
Mus. 1882, 8. BoGp., Vög. Kauk. 1879; ref. ScHaL., J.£.0. 1880, 276. 
[Bipp., Ibis 1881, 102, 994] GieL., Ibis 1881, 218. Bozrcrm., Orn. C. 
Larus minor niger KLrin, Hist. Av. 1750, 138, ex p.? 1882, 35. IrBY, Ibis 1883, 187. 
Sterna fissipes L., S.N. XII 1766, 228. PR MöLrL., LD. S. II 1773, 354. Viralva nigra STEPE., in SHAWw's Gen. Zool. XIII 1826, 167. 
GM., LD. S.N. 1788, 610. LaArtH., Ind. II 1790, 810. LaAru.B., 1. c. Anous plumbea STEPH., 1. c. pl. 1 1826, 142. 
