TOPPSKARV. GRACULUS CRISTATUS. NE 7 16 
1790, 888. LarH., B., III, 11 1798, 014; IV, 11 1812, 530. Rerz., Fn. 
1800, 145. Lanpr, Fero 1800, 258. Virimr., Tabl. Enc. méth. Orn. I 
1823, 49. EDMONDST., Mem. Wern. Soc. 1823, 273. 
Pelecanus graculus L., S.N. XII 1766, 217. Brönn., Orn. 1764, n. 121. 
PH MUTE ERAN (LST 19, 000 STUN BA NN CASE 1782, III part.: 
descr. lat. BerG., Tal 1787, 27. LaArH., Ind. II 1790, 887. LaATH., 
B., III, 11 1798, 512; IV, 1 1812, 530 P. 9. + P. africanus. PENSN., 
Arct. Z. II 1792, 309 + P. crist. 312. Bercust., Tasch. II 1803, 392; 
Nat. Vög. D. III 1809, 762. Rertz., Fn. 1800, 144. OCuv., R. A. 1817, 
525. VirinL., Tabl. Enc. méth. Orn. I 1823, 47. JaAcKs., Loud. Mag. 
1830, 177. 
Pelecanus ater capite eristato Topskarv ÖLAFs., Isl. I 1774, 295. 
Shag PENN., Br. Zool. II 1776, 612. 
Pelecanus ater U. v. Troit, Island 1777, 127. 
Carbo graculus Mer. u. W., Tasch. II 1810, 578. Tremm., Man. 1815, 589; 
IT (1820) 897; IV 1840, 565. Borr, Wiedem. Zool. Mag. I, 11 1819, 
152; Reise d. Norw. 1822, 140,-2 + C. cristatus 343. SABINE, Trans. 
L. S. 1819, 559; Isis 1826, 29. FaABER, Prodr. 1822, 53; Hochn. 
Vög. 1826, 2, 15, 122 etc. Nirss., Orn. 1821, 256. Brrum, V. D. 
1831, 820. ?WALCHN., Örn. 1835, 150. SocHiInz, Eur. En. 1840, 367. 
SCHLEG., Rev. 1844, CXXIII 110. KyarB., N-a 3 H. 1850, 52; Danm. 
Fugl. 1852, 395; v. Hom. Orn. Br. 1881, 215. Hazrtzi., J.£.0O. 1850, 
420. BrAuHTts, N-a 1855, 331. BraAs., N-a 1856, 158. FinG., Abbh.z.-b. 
G. 1857, 557. HeELLM., N-a 1853, 2885. Krör., J.f.O. 1863, 405. GoEB., 
J.£.O. 1870, 141-2. 
Phalaerocorax graculus PALL., Zoogr. II 1811, 299. LzrAcH, Cat. Br. Mus. 
1816, 34. Bonar., Geogr. a. Comp. List 1838, 59; Cat. Met. Ucc. 
1842, 75. Gr. Kers., BrLas., Wirb. E, 1840, n. 425—+-Ph. cristatus. DE 
SEL., En. 1842, 148. v. p. MötrE, Örn. 1844, 131. ScHEMBRI, N. Ann. 
Sc. N. Bologne 1848, 68. THomprs., Irel. III 1851, 250. LicHt., Nom. 
Av. 1854, 104. EzrH., N-a 1858, 7. NiLss., Fn. II 1858, 419. LiLuLJ., 
Vet. Soc. Årsskr. 1860, Sep. 31. LIinDErm., V. Gr. 1860, 167 + Ph. 
erist. v. NORDM., J.f.O. 1864, 379. SALVAD., J.f£.O. 1865, 420. Cunn., 
Ibis 1866, 16. Corrett, Vid. S. Forh. 1868; Mag. f. Nat. 1877, 
217. A. C. SmitE, Ibis 1868, 458. BOorGGr., Nordd. 1869, 136. E.v. 
Hom., J.f.O. 1870, 434. Erw., BucKL., Ibis 1870, 336. Fritsot, V. 
E. 1870, 451. TuHtrL, Jägarf. Tidskr. 1871, 78. SAUunp., Ibis 1871, 
398. Parm., Finl. Fogl. 1873, 558. Romw., V. Schl-H. 1875, 21. 
Krör., Momms. Gr. Jahresz. III 1875, 259. Dress., B. E. Pt. 73-4, 
Sundevall, Svenska foglarna, forts. af Kinberg, 1881-5. 
1879 [Syn. ”Procellaria lege Pelecanus]. Irsr, Ibis 1883, 191. Wui- 
TEHEAD, Ibis 1885, 48. OC. Dixon, l. c. 91. 
Halieus graculus LicHt., Verz. Doubl. 1816. Navu., V. D. XI 1842, 88. 
Borsm., N-a 1852, 3 H. 36. ScHRraAD., J.f.O. 1853, 243, 315-6. v. DROSTE, 
Z:G. 1873, 149. 
Hydrocoraw cristatus ViriL., N. Dict. &H. N. VIII 1817, 88. 
Pelicanus leucogaster VIEILL., 1. c. 
Carbo leucogaster CARA, Orn. Sard. 1842, 199. 
Carbo cristatus TEmm., Man. II (1820) 900; IV 1840, 565. Boir, Reise d. 
Norw. 1822, 152, 177, 199, 227, 343. Mer., Tasch. III 1822, 233. 
TrEILM., Danm. o. Isl. Fugl. 1823, 205. GzraBA, Fero 1828; ref. Isis 
1833, 767. RaAscH, N. Mag. f. Nat. 1838, 385. Mant., En. 1843, 225. 
SUNDEV., V. A. H. 1844, 384. Borre, J.f.O. 1855, 305. Harpr,l. oc. 
442. F. a. G. Gopw., Ibis 1861, 92. Riva, Orn. 1865, 261 + C. gra- 
culus. 
Phalacrocorax cristatus STEPH., Shaw, Gen. Zool. 1825, XIII 83. Savr, Orn. 
1821-31, ref. Isis 1833, 1004. RascH, N. Mag. f. Nat. 1838, 385. JARD., 
B. of Gr. Brit. IV (1843) 240. War., N-a 1854, 281. Ltrorp, Ant. 
II 1855, 208. Harbr, N-a 1855, 422. Toreur, Bidr. Spetsb. Moll. 
I 1859, (62) 63. DezEGL., G., Örn. II 1867, 354. BartH, J.f.O. 1869, 
99. BorGGr., Nordd. 1869, 136. WHARTON, Ibis 1876, 29. WINTHER, 
Fergernes Oldtidshist. 1876, 401. 
Carbo Desmaresti PEYRAUDEAU, Ann. Sc. N. 1826, 460. LirF., Ibis 1875, 27. 
BrenrmM, VYVogelf. 1855, 360. E. v. Howm., J.f.O. 1858, 237; Z. G. 1881, 
327. BROoKE, Ibis 1883, 345. 
Carbo brachyuros L. Brenmm, V. D. 1831, 822. 
Graculus eristatus SUNDEV., V. A. H. 1844, 30. GzraAr, Gen. III 1845 (667). 
LinLJ., V. A. H. 1850, 324. SommerF., Öfv. V. A. F. 1861, 75, 88. 
SCHLEG., Mus. Pelec. 1863, 18. H. C. Mönr., Vid. Medd. 1862, 77. 
v. PErz., Abh. z.-b. G. 1871, 729. DAnr., Br., Ibis 1875, 431. COLLIN, 
Skand. Fugl. 1876, 710. 
Carbo graculus mediterraneus SCHLEG., Rev. 1844, CXXIILI. 
Graculus Linnei GRAY, Gen. III 1845 (667). Morz, Ibis 1865, 451-2. 
Graculus Desmaresti Grav, Gen. III 1845 (667). 
Phalacrocorax Desmaresti BrrmM, Vogelf. 1855, 360. FritscH, V. E. 1870 
452. 
2 
188 
