ABORIGINAL PLACE NAMES OF NEW YORK II 3 



from the end. The Moravians give the only account of this town, 

 which was two hours west of Old Oneida. 



Ga-no'-a-lo'-hale, head on a pole, the name of the latest Oneida 

 Castle, has been applied to Oneida lake from its proximity. This 

 favorite name was very variable in recorded forms. It is Ga-no'- 

 wi-ha in Onondaga, and Ga-no'-a-o-ha in Mohawk. 



Ga-noch-so-ra-ge, now Canaseraga, was often mentioned by the 

 Moravians as the western Tuscarora town. 



Goi-en'-ho was a name for Oneida lake in 1655, Oneida river ap- 

 pearing as a stream issuing from it. The word means a crossing 

 place, possibly alluding to the passage of the lake in canoes or on 

 the ice. In that case necessity might appear: the lake where they 

 must cross. It is quite probable, however, that the allusion is to 

 the ford or ferry at Brewerton, when, according to Iroquois custom, 

 it would be the lake at the crossing place. 



"Hoh-wah-ge-neh (Onondaga) O-wah-ge-ha-gah (Oneida). 

 Literally, the lake where the yellow perch swim, or yellow perch 

 lake," is J. V. H. Clark's account of the name of Cazenovia lake. 

 Both Oneidas and Onondagas have assured me of its essential cor- 

 rectness. Of course the word yellow does not enter into the com- 

 bination, the word used specifying a well known fish, thus dis- 

 tinguished by Clark from the gray perch or pike. In his Gazetteer 

 for 1813 Spafford speaks of Cazenovia lake "called by the Indians 

 Hawhaghinah, and sometimes by the English Canaseraga." 



Kaw-na-taw-te-ruh. In his account of the Six Nations David 

 Cusick said they traveled westward from the Mohawk river and 

 came "to a creek which was named Kaw-na-taw-te-ruh, i. e. pineries. 

 The second family was directed to make their residence near the 

 creek, and the family was named Ne-haw-re-tah-go, i. e. big tree, 

 now Oneidas, and likewise their language was altered." Big Tree 

 is the council name of the Oneidas. He added a note : "The creek 

 now branches off the Susquehanna river at the head generally called 

 Col. Allen's lake, lo miles south of the Oneida Castle." The 

 Pineries are now the Pine Woods in Eaton, but he should have said 

 Colonel Leland's lake instead of Allen's. 



Ne-wa-gegh-koo, an old name of the bay at the southeast angle 

 of Oneida lake, mentioned in a treaty of 1798. A. Cusick inter- 

 preted this where I ate heartily. There was a recent Oneida village 



