THE MINING AND QUARRY INDUSTRY 95 



east. There are two shafts 400 feet apart, reaching a depth of 

 something over 100 feet. In the open cut along the outcrop a 

 good exposure is afforded of both the ore body- and the inclosing 

 walls. The distance between the latter averages about 15 feet, but 

 increases in places to 20 to 25 feet. The wall rock is a massive 

 gneiss of the same general character as that at Lyon Mountain ; 

 it contains, however, a good deal of hornblende in addition to 

 augite and is quite pegmatitic in places. 



The ore is usually a coarsely crystalline aggregate of magnetite, 

 augite, hornblende and feldspar. It is practically all of concentrat- 

 ing character. An analysis of the crude material (i) and the con- 

 centrates (2) quoted by Putnam, shows the following composition: 



I 2 



Iron 34 • 81 65 . 14 



Phosphorus 0.041 0.017 



No determination of sulfur is given. The output of the mine 

 was concentrated at Standish and used in the furnaces there and in 

 the Saranac valley. 



Arnold hill. The Arnold hill mines have been operated for a 

 longer period, probably, than any other magnetite mines in the 

 Adirondack region. According to local records the first discovery 

 of ore was made about 1806. Exploitation began shortly after that 

 date for the supply of forges in the Ausable valley. Up to 1864 the 

 output, which was obtained mostly from open cast workings, 

 amounted to a total of 164,000 tons. The change to underground 

 mining more recently has broadened the scope of operations and has 

 shown the existence of an ore supply sufficient to last for many 

 years. The mines are now worked under lease by the Arnold Min- 

 ing Co. 



The deposits lie along the southern and eastern slope of Arnold 

 hill, about a mile west from Arnold station on the iVusable branch 

 of the Delaware & Hudson railroad. They form a nearly parallel 

 series extending n. 20° east. Beginning at the south end the first 

 is the Finch mine, now abandoned and filled with water, and the 

 Wells and Indian mines which were mainly worked in the early 

 days as open cuts. The Arnold or Big mine is about ^ mile north 

 of the latter ; it has yielded a large output, but owing to the loss of 

 the shaft by caving, it has lain idle for the past 10 or 12 years. The 

 Nelson Bush or Barton mine, 1500 feet north of the Arnold, is the 

 only one of the group now under exploitation. 



