Ill 



The first permanent settlements in the Kentucky mountains were made 

 in the decade 1790 to 1800. Imlay's map of Kentucky (1793), shows 

 "settlements" on Rockcastle River, the upper Louisa Fork, and a fork of 

 Red River. By 1800 the population was 7,964, which was about four per 

 cent, of the population of the State ; it is now about 600,000, which is 

 about twenty-five per cent, of Kentucky. Genealogical records of this 

 people are utterly lacking. Their names and survivals in customs and lan- 

 guage point to English and Scotch-Irish ancestry in general, although a 

 few German and Huguenot names are found. 



Between 1800 and 1840 the mountain region was an integral part of 

 the State, for various reasons. Four interstate, transmontaine routes trav- 



2. An example of the poorest highways in tha mountains, near Pine Mountain Postoffice, Ky. 



ersed the plateau in leading from the Ohio and the Blue Grass countries 

 on the west to the Big Sandy and Kanawha region on the east, and thus on 

 to the tide water settlements. The plainsmen bought lean cattle in the 

 Blue Grass and sent them in droves of from 20<> to 301) through the moun- 

 tains to the Potomac, where they were fattened and sold in Baltimore and 

 Philadelphia. Large droves of hogs followed the same routes. The hog 

 and cattle drivers bought corn at the homes of the mountain people and 

 brought news from the outside world. The slender state appropriations tor 

 roads were impartial, the mountain counties being favored equally with the 

 lowland. 



