206 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



They would seem to be accidental foiins. Most of the other Hakes passed 

 in re\iew have been dressed in a similar way to those Sir John Evans 

 mentions — the sides having been chipped away, lea\ing the f3at face 

 uninjured. That kind of dressing was pretty general. 



We see that the making of the flakes was a great industiy along the 

 shores of Lough Neagh and banks of the Bann. Where the raw material 

 came from I cannot say with certainty. The banks of rivers and ri\-ulet.s 

 and the shoi-es of the lake would supply some, the suif ace of the soil would 

 yield some bouldere, and probably the people may have gone to the out- 

 crop of the Chalk on the county DeiTy side, or they may even have gone to 

 the outcrop of the Chalk on the Antiim seashore. There is an outcrop of 

 Chalk at Portrush and another at Downhill, and flints may have been procured 

 at these places and carried up the Bann. However it was procured, the 

 material was of large size and good quality, as one can see by the implements 

 produced. 



Other and larger implements have yet to be described, for instance, the 

 kitchen-midden and other types of flint axes, the large pick-like implements 

 also, some of which have sharp though very narrow cutting edges. 



Kitchen- Midden Axes. 



Sitchen-midden axes are so named from being the characteristic axe 

 found in the Danish kitchen-middens. The edge is clean-cut and formed 

 entirely by fracture, and therefore different from that of most other 

 flint axes, which are produced by chipping and grinding. Sir John Evans' 

 definition of the edge of a kitchen-midden axe is, that it was formed by the 

 intersection of two facets. Sii- John Lubbock (now Lord Avebury) describes 

 the Danish axes as flat on one side and convex on the other ; but while this 

 is not a general characteristic of Ldsh axes of this kind, as far as my 

 observations go, yet some are flatter on one side than the other. No. 68 

 shows a very typical specimen of the Irish kitchen-midden axe which 

 was found at Culbane. It is made of reddish-coloured flint, and is 3i inches 

 long and 2\ inches broad at the cutting edge. It is equally convex on both 

 faces. 'So. 69 was found at Movanagher, near Kilrea, on the county Derry side 

 of the Bann. It is made of a yellowish flint, and is equally convex on both 

 faces. It is 3| inches long and 1|- inch broad at the cutting edge. No. 66 

 was dredged from the Bann at the locks near Eilrea. It is 4^ inches long 

 and 2i inch bi-oad at the cutting edge. It is weathered a dark brown 

 colour. It is convex on the side shown, and nearly flat on the side not 

 shown. No. 67 is an axe of same type found near Toome, on the 

 Bann shore, and while the edge itself is not improved by grinding, yet the 



