244 TroceedinrjH of the Rojjal Irish Academy. 



Diego Eibero (Per. xlviii), in 1529, again shows Brasil opposite to the 

 Brasscher (Blaskets) ofi' Kerry. Gerard Mercator, in 1538, shows the " Insula 

 Septem Civitatum," and, between the appearance of his map and 1542, 

 Alonzo de Santa Cruz (in a Map of the World' " in gussets," ready to be used 

 on a globel, gives (Plate II) Yslanda, Debrasil, and Asmaidas. An alleged 

 Cabot map, dated 1544, marks San brandon, noting that it was discovered in 

 1494 (xciiii, recte.xcvii, 1497), off Cape Breton. A beautiful coloured map of 

 Georgio Calapoda, in 1552 (Per. xxvi), shows Y. de brasill among the Anglie 

 insulae as a large, red indented circle, and Y. de Mam (Asmaidas) as a 

 crescent. These forms occxir in the Benincasas map, 1467, and perhaps 

 prove a connexion; in the same way the conventional forms of Ireland fall 

 into three types. Brazil appears in the Map of the World in a pretty little 

 illuminated Atlas of Baptist Agnesi, a Genoan, in 1544, but not in his 

 valuable map of Ireland.^ In 1554 both Bresil insul and Las maydas are 

 given in their usual position (Per., p. 147). 



In 1558 the very remarkable, though mythical, Zeni map was published in 

 Venice. It probably (as we noted) arose from obscure descriptions and a 

 faded sketch-map ; but hence Milton's " cold Estotiland " (possibly Eseotiland, 

 Scotland), Frisland, Estland (probably derived irom Iceland and part of 

 Greenland), and Drogeo seem to originate.^ Gastaldi's map in 1562, and 

 Lafreri's in 1566 (Fac, p. 129), may be noted. The latter shows Brasil and 

 Maida to the east of Labrador, and far nearer to it than to Ireland the Isle of 

 Demons also appears on the American coast. In 1568 Domingo Olives (Per. 

 xxix) shows Ilia de brasill a double island to the south-west, and Frixland, a 

 large isle to the north-west of Ireland. Mercator, in 1569 (1587 and 1595), 

 gives Frisland to the south-west of Iceland, and in 1569 Brasil and Maida 

 (Fac. xlvii and p. 95).* Other very interesting maps were made in 1570 by an 

 Icelander, Sigurdus Stephanii.* They give Norway ; the mythic giant-land, 

 lotunheimar ; Eiseland ; Gronlandia, a deep bay, and then Helleland, March- 

 land, Skraelingland, and the Promontorium Vinlandia, opposite to Ireland. 

 The latter and England he almost in mid-ocean, and above them are the 



' A fine facsimile, by E. TV. Dahlgren, Stoukliolm, is dedicated to Baron Erik Nordenskiold, in 

 1892. 



'Ms. T.C.D., K. 3. 15; on the front page is " Leonardi Marinorii est Uber iste de Ancona, 

 1544." The map is not included in Nordenskibld's list of twelve maps by Agnesi, 1529-1562. 



^ " Voyages of the Brothers Zeni." Fred. W. Lucas, 1898. 



Hakluyt includes the Zeno story in his Voyages, vol. ii, p. 121 (ed. 1599). Had we untouched 

 originals, a more certain conclusion could be arrived at. No doubt " voyages " and maps were very 

 jealously guarded in archives ; and publicity was the tiling least desired by the mariners of the 

 fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. " StUlandia" (Iceland) on the 1552 map reads like " Frislandia." 



<■ See Plate XXII. 



5 Engraved in "Gronlandia Antiqua" by Thoniod Torfaeus, 1715, Copenhagen, and reproduced 

 in Weise. ' ' Discovery of America," 1884, p. 22. An outline is given on Plate XXII. 



