Westropp — Brasil and the Legendary Islands of the N. AHaniic. 259 



workers to fuller study. That in many points I may have overlooked evidence or 

 erred in judgment is to be expected in the beginning of an investigation. 

 Should, as I fear, this prove true, I trust that it may lead rather to the 

 amendment of the fault than to merely empty criticism. 



APPENDIX.— DETAILED MAPS OF lEELAND, 1300-1600. 



Apart from the general maps in which Ireland is introduced, the detailed 

 maps are of very great importance. There may be said to be maps of three 

 schools — (1) the Portolan maps from Dulcert to 1560, influenced from about 

 1480 by the Ptolemy maps ; (2) the Elizabethan maps, overlapping the last, and 

 their copyists' maps ; and (3) the Down Survey, 1655, and the maps influenced 

 by it. I give here only the principal detailed maps of the first type from 

 1300 to 1560. As I hope to deal later with the origin and place-names of 

 the early maps, I will only briefly say that business relations with France 

 and Italy from the ISTorman invasion onward are apparent from even the 

 most casual study of Irish documents during the thirteenth century, and must 

 have familiarized the merchants and mariners of France, Spain, and Italy with 

 at least the coasts of Ireland. From the experience of these pioneers, and for 

 the new-comers, " portolanos," or coasting maps, were compiled, giving the 

 towns and chief features important to navigators before the compass came 

 into general use. The contrast between these truthful and practical maps 

 and the learned nonsense of the scholars' maps is very marked.' 



French (or rather Norman) influence underlies these maps from the 

 first ; we have such names as le deng, Dingle ; la Meiie, the Maine, I'eocJwlo 

 (eochaill), Youghal ; lebano, Bannow, and laihan, the Bann in Derry ; but 

 non-Norman names as Y. de lago, Lespor dirlanda, Toro, and Yaca have 

 evidently a more southern origin. Only a few tribe-names are recorded : — 

 Tirconnell and Ibane (Ui Baghaine), or Bannagh, in Donegal; Lumul or 

 Omallos, Ui Mhaille in Mayo ; /' Barelii (Ui bratha) or Iveragh, in Kerry, 

 and Gorcala, or Corca laidhe, in Co. Cork. Traces of folk-lore, such as 

 the " 368 " isles in Clew Bay, now reputed " as many as the days in the year," 

 St. Patrick's Purgatory, the BulP and Cow off Kenmare Eiver, and above all 

 Brasil, or the Fortunate Island. The place-names abound round the coast up 

 to the Bann at one side and Teelin on the other ; but few can be identified 

 from Co. Antrim to Co. Mayo. 



' Compare, e.g., Haldingham's map at Hereford, 1280, with Vesconte's and Dalaorto's maps about 

 1320-30. 



^ It bears the very name Bui in the 1450 map {boy, 1529, 1544) that (as Bo Bui) occurs in the 

 present legend of the Bull. 



