Westropp — Early Italian Maps of Ireland from 1300-1600. 371 



however, puzzling names, where neither natural feature nor ancient place 

 name, or town, remains to suggest a local habitation for the map-name. 



Arceon, Arelcito, and Ardroin lie between Wicklow and Bray; the 

 latter may be some " high ridge " — Ard-drom, perhaps even Bray Head. 

 Confrenehellan' and Condarca are in the featureless district between Clew 

 Bay and Killery. When all is done, plenty of unanswered riddles remain 

 over. I commend to students the certain identification of "Cap Seligra " 

 (perhaps Knockafola or Bloody Foreland), " Comicidella " (perhaps cauo de 

 telHn or Teeling Head), " Cap Stronbere " (perhaps Carcorbre, Cahercarbery, or 

 Kerry Head), and Lespor d'Irlanda, which seems to be most probably Bolus 

 Head. I have failed to satisfy myself about the Quelles, Quelmes, or Quelbeg, 

 Island or Islands. They only appear on later maps after 1500. Olives and 

 Homen separate them from the Skelligs (Steilc and Quelles, 1568 ; Scuella 

 andQualbos, 1569) ; these map-makers, Pierre Descelliers, 1546, and Voltius, 

 1593, agree in putting them north-west from the Bull and Cow; De la Cosa, 

 1500, gives great Skellig, " S. Michel," as well as " Quelmes." Ortelius in 

 1589 shows them as the three spiked rocks (Skelligs and Lemon Eock, or 

 Puffin Island) ; Lawrence Nowell, Dean of Lichfield, about 1570, puts the 

 " Skelms " so near the coast between Valencia and Ballinskelligs as to 

 suggest Long Island and Puffin Island. The Voyage to the Azores, in 1588 

 names the " S. Kelmes " as south from Ventry. On the other hand, the 

 State Papers call the Skelligs, "Skellig Michaell," "the Skyllinges," and 

 " the Skelankes, called S. Michael." The Quelles may be Little Skellig and 

 Puffin Island, which fulfil the known conditions best. 



On the south coast, Olarcos and Godelfreda are not (so far) identified, but 

 the latter is between Youghal and Cork Harbour, and so may be Oyster 

 Haven or Eitigabella. Up the east coast, besides the names near Bray, 

 "tenal," "Dairhe" (north from Dundalk), " Cape Stet," " Canutor," and 

 " Zibiri " ; on the north " Idora " (perhaps I Torei or Torry Island) need 

 identification. The more northern "Logeo"or "Iosco" is probably Lusk, 

 near Dublin, placed too far up the coast, as Ireland's Eye is on one map. 



The verbal forms are changed by no fixed rules. The initial gets 

 omitted or obliterated by a coloured border,- as (L)ameri(c), (K)anisala, 



• Could this be a shelter imder Frehill Islet, once (and evidently recently) two or three times its 

 present size, quasi " Cauo Frehillan " ? 



'' The colours are conTentional ; gold and purple are said to imply riches, but the islets round 

 Ireland are golden in Agnesi's map, 1545, and Ireland is purple -bordered in Calapoda's map, 1552 ; 

 the Red Sea is red, Rhodes red with a white cross. Having usually worked on photographs or 

 facsimiles, I cannot state why certain names are in red in Agnesi's map. Where names meet across 

 Ireland, it sometimes obviates confusion. 



[53*1 



