378 ProceediiujH of the Roz/iil Irish Academy. 



£2 2.1. 2y. in 1322, £3 10s. 9(1. ^ and £2 Is. on different occasions ; 

 two men were paid to guard the wine for the war in Scotland. The prise of 

 wine in Wexford in l;3:j:3 and 1336 gives no detail.' In our present laiowledge 

 several of the above transactions are inexplicable. Freight for wine from 

 Dublin to Skymburneys was 5?. per tun and 2s. Qd. per pipe in 1333. 

 Kilmalloek, a small inland town, imported 40 hogsheads of wine in 1293 ; 

 Ardart (the small cathedral town of Ardfert in Kerry), 44 hogsheads and 

 1 pipe; even in the little port of Dengyn or Dingle (le deng on the earliest maps), 

 the Custom raised a sum of £121 in 1278, and prise of wines is recorded at 

 Dungarvan and elsewhere. In 1321, we find in the Plea EoUs questions as 

 to the account of Henry Cod, who was vendor of wines in Cloyue, Co. Cork, 

 for one Theobald.'' 



The Italian firms of merchants, bankers, and moneyers held much of the 

 Irish trade till after 1340, and most of the banking and money-lending and 

 tax-collecting, as well as the mints, was in their hands.^ Sheriffs, knights 

 abbots of the great Cistercian and other religious houses, and the nobility 

 were frequently in debt, and not infrequently involved in trouble and litigation 

 with the Italian firms. A little later the '• mighty victor " of Crecy largely 

 financed his French wars by aid of the Italian merchants; how he broke 

 faith with the latter is one of the bad blots on his reign. 



It is, however, more instructive to give details, which I will collectimder the 

 cities— and, where that cannot be done, under the countries — of the foreign 

 bankers and traders. The list will show how much intercourse between 

 Ireland, France, Flanders, and Italy took place in the generations by whom 

 the maps were prepared and used. 



Bayonne. — In 1296 the " Snake " of Eosponte brought oats and beans 

 from New Eoss to the King's army in Gascony. In 1303 the Bayonne 

 merchants were granted the customs on wool and hides in Ireland.'' 



Bordeaux. — In 1235 the wines of certain merchants of Bordeaux were 

 seized at sea and brought to Ireland. Simon de Aqua Mortua of Bordeaux 



' Pipe Rolls of Ireland under dates ; also "A Treatise on the Exchequer and Revenue of Ireland " 

 (Gorges & Howard), Dublin, 1776, Chapter vi. The Irish prisage was 1 tun out of 9 to 18, and 

 over that 2 tuns. In England £1 was paid to the merchant for freight. Howard says that this was 

 not done in Ireland, but the instance in 1301-2 seems to fall under that head (pp. 74, 75). 



2 See Cal. Documents, Ireland, for Dublin, 1233 No. (2405), 1250(3057), 1295 (260), Waterford 

 1234 (2133) r Cork, 1284 (2248) ; Drogheda, 12SS (2134) ; Youghal, 1275 (1164) ; Kilkenny, 1282-3 

 (2136): Kilmalloek, 1293 (P. 2). See also innumerable entries of ;»•«« of wines in the Irish Pipe Rolls 

 ( App. Rep. Deputy Keeper Records, Ireland, Nos. 36-41). The last entry is in Plea Roll 99, Edw. II, 

 anno v, mem. 17. There was a lawsuit of the Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem against 

 John de Harcourt for breaking into the house and cellar of the hospital at Any, Co. Limerick, and 

 seizing bread, wine (I think ale, c-vis) and other provisions (Plea Roll 101, Ed. II, mem. id). 



^ Cal. Doc, Plea Rolls, Pipe Rolls, &c. 



' Cal. Doc. 1303 (204). 



