388 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



shock to the north of the Mediterranean. I have to leave to others the task 

 of recording the " winding up " of the tv^'o companies : these scattered records 

 sufficiently show their enterprise and ceaseless energy in the days of their 

 prosperity. It is to be hoped that some specially qualified archivist (like 

 Mr. Herbert Wood, who commenced, but has not as yet published, a history 

 of these traders) may supply this desideratum for the study of Irish social 

 life in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. 



The Beccor, Bettor or " Associates of Bettori of Lucca," were also money- 

 lenders. The Abbot of Wethney in 1299 borrowed a sum of 7 marks from 

 William Fantel, of the company, which led to litigation. I have found 

 occasional mention of the firm in Irish Eecords down at least to 1335.' 



Pakma. — The tomb of John Lumbard of the county of Parma and his 

 wife. Dame Eame Parys of St. Saviour of Esturia, an interesting late 

 fourteenth-century monument, remains in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin. 

 A John Lumbard was a collector of the small custom in Dublin after 1335." 



PiCARDY. — In 1295 Warinde Meys of Amiens in Picardy had goods at 

 the house of Henri de Marshall in Dublin.' 



Pisa. — Walter le Pisioen was at Dungarvau in 1260.'' 



PoiTOU. — Giraldus Cambrensis, as we noted, attests an extensive trade 

 between Ireland and Poitou, in wine, hides, and furs, before 1183.* The 

 Pictavian merchants in 1223 complained that they were only allowed to 

 stay forty days at a time in Dublin. A few years later, however, Eeimund 

 of Poitou was given the custody of St. Patrick's Gate in Dublin for life with 

 the use of its cellars.' 



Provence. — It made its presence felt (as Eev. H. Chaytor points out) by 

 the large number of Proven9al words in English maritime speech, e.g., coladre 

 or cullender, funnel, puncheon, rack, spigot, and noose.' These were probably 

 introduced directly through the Bordeaux ships, which tallies with the 

 records of Irish commerce with Bordeaux as given above, from 1235 to 1312. 



St. Emilian.— William Chatuel, in 1293, brought forty-one hogsheads of 

 St. Emilian wine to Wexford.' 



' Plea K., No. 46, xxvii Ed. I, Pipe Rolls, 1335 ; App. 44m, Rep. D.K.R., pp. 48-52. 



'^ I absolutely dissent from the romantic version based on the supposed usage of " Lombard " for 

 " Master Miison." For John Lumbard, see Pipe Rolls, viii and is Edw. Ill, No 59. He appears 

 in other documents down to about 1350. The lettering of the tablet seems to belong to this period. 



^ Cal. Doc. Jr., p. 109. 



•Plea R.,xliT Hen. Ill, m. 8. 

 _ iopog. Hih. (vol. V, Rolls Ser., p. 23). " Vina tamen transmarina, ratione comniercii, tarn 

 aounde terram replent. . . Pictavia namque, de plenitudine sua, ei copiose vina transmittit, cui et 

 animahum coria, &c., Hibernia, non ingraia, remittit." 



7 ^'Tf""'^ " ^'^'•' '^'^^'■'si's and Government Grants to the City of Dublin," p. 90. 



' The Troubadours." 

 • Cal. Doc. Ir.,p. 27. 



