400 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



1320, and the bridge built in 1342. Edward III gave it a charter, and rates 

 for murage on hides, skins (lamb, goat, hare, wolf, cat, and squirrel), silk, 

 baudekin, cordwain, and M. a tun on wine. In 1361 Galway ships traded 

 with Lisbon and LubecL' The well-known legend of its mayor, Lynch, 

 hanging his criminal son, presupposes direct trade with Spain. It was a 

 fiercely English town ; no citizen was allowed to bring in an Irishman " to 

 boast," nor was any Irishman to be permitted to " strut or swagger " in the 

 streets. Over one of its gates was a prayer for deliverance from the 

 O'Flaherties. It is unmarked on the early maps ; evidently (as seen above) 

 its prosperity began from about 1320, when the first type of portolan had 

 already come into being. It only appears on the second type of maps from 

 about 1-450.- 



TouGHAL. — The Irish Eochoill, yew wood. It was a Xorse port in 850, 

 when the Deisi defeated the fleet at Eocaill, and destroyed its fort. 

 Le Hyochil, in the reign of Edward I, was granted (as held by the tenants 

 of Sir Thomas de Clare, and at his instance), in 1275, rates on grain, fish, 

 vegetables, live-stock, hides, cordovan, cloth, canvas, ropes, and food items ; 

 besides dues on ships of 100 hogsheads of wine, and on skins of lambs, 

 rabbits, squirrels, and badgei-s. The foreigners mentioned at it are : in 1274, 

 the Donati of Florence; in 1284, the Eicardi of Lucca; 1296, Pereival 

 Gerarduci and Bandinus "Paniky" of Lucca; 1294, Peter of Paris; the 

 latter shipped provisions and wine to "Wales for the King's army, and was 

 granted a ship, confiscated from the Abbot of St. Mary in Dublin, for the 

 misconduct of a eonversus of that abbey; he had, however, the misiortune to 

 lose the king's wine in 1300. In 1297, Eeginald le Bark answered for the 

 wine of the foreign merchants in Toughal. In 1321, its ferry brought in 

 62s. 2d. yearly. In 1358 Edward III gave it another murage grant, including 

 "white wine of Gascony, Irish cloth, salewyche, worsted, silk, baudekine, 

 fine Unen, olive oU, coloured glass, and cordovan." In 1485 Toughal kept the 

 coast from Ardmore Head, and Cappull Island -to Forreign Island. There is 

 a list of its foreign merchants in 1572 (but outside our scope), which shows 

 trade -n-itb Lisbon, Eoan (Eouen), Evera, Villa Ifova, and Italy.' 



Kdcsale {Ceann tsaile, head of brine) was granted a weekly market in 1 226. 

 Despite its fine harbour (Endelford or Edilworth), the xillage had little trade. 

 The Plea EoUs* give in 1318 an interesting suit. Certain unknown mariners 



» '• Making of Ireland," pp. 21-23. For the later Galwar trade see Cal. S.P.I., 15S7 ; and 

 Uaraiman's '-Galway" App. xviii-xs, -58-208, \ritli CaBary, LeraBt, Spain, Toulouse, and 

 Picardy. 



^BesidK general authorities, see Hardiman's "History of Galway." 

 Besides general authorities, see Caulfield's " Council Book of YonghaL" 

 •>o. 123, mem. o-W. 



