Wp^stropp — Early Italian Blaps of Ireland from 1300-1600. 405 



own imported goods at these without being charged imposts by the King's 

 purveyors and others. The Irish had liberty to frequent the English 

 staples.' 



8. Irish Shipping. 



A few particulars about the cost of shipping and sailors may be noted. 

 The hire of ships between England and Ireland from the very beginning of 

 the Anglo-Norman settlement in our island is frequently recorded. I select 

 — 1172. £4 for a ship bringing supplies to Ireland ; 1184-5. 23s. for one 

 bringing huntsmen, hounds, and horses ; 1215. ten marks for two galleys 

 with messages for King John from Carlingford to England ; the same was 

 again paid in that year to the mariners on a " cog " of Emulf de Colonia going 

 to Ireland. The government frequently over-rode private shipping interests. 

 In February, 1209, John ordered all the sailors on the coast of Wales, " as 

 they valued their lives and chattels," not to cross to Ireland, but reserve 

 themselves for his service in transporting his army from Aufredyncombe 

 (llf racombe) at mid-Lent, " otherwise the King will hang them and the 

 owners." In 1308 the "postage" of urgent letters from Ayr and 

 Kircudbright to Dublin cost from £1 6s. 8^. to £1 13s. 4d. The names of 

 many Irish ships are recorded. The Portenuvel galley, 1210 ; the Gundcwyn 

 at Cork, 1235 ; the Bcmmysell, which came from Ireland to Wales in 1245, 

 In 1296 many are named — the Godeyere, the SireihetaiU,a.nd the Sauneye horn. 

 Dublin ; the Garland of Eoss ; the Mariot, the Nicliolas, and the Ave Maria 

 of Drogheda ; the Catherine of Lusk ; the Holy Cross ; the Godship and the 

 Margaret at Youghal ; the Snake, the Nicholas, the Gaudyn ; and the G^-aee 

 Dieu of Cork ; and the Skydie, the Holy Ghost, the Blessed Mary, and the IJoly 

 Cross of Waterford.^ 



9. The Caetogeaphees- - - 



Having (at perhaps too great a length) studied the causes that led to the 



knowledge of Ireland among the natives of Italy, and necessitated the 



making of maps of our shores, and having established records of direct 



- communication with Florence, Lucca, and Pisa, and less direct ones with 



Venice and Genoa, we now must study the question of the map-makers. 



For convenience of reference, I largely confine myself to the splendid 

 atlases of Jomard {Monuments de la Geograjyhie), Ongania, and Nordenskiold 

 (The Feriplus and the Facsimile Atlas) ; several of these maps are reproduced in 



' W. PinkertOD, Ulster Journal of Archaeology, iii, p. 184. 

 » Cal. Boots. Ir. 



