22 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



Ceescent Foets. — It is hard to say with assurance that a fort was 

 origmally of this plan, but Dnnganville is probably such, also, perhaps, 

 Mountplmnnier (53j : Ardpatrick Glen (56) ; Lisnafiilla (53), and perhaps 

 Dungrot. Some may he reduced to this shape by the falling away of the 

 bank or cliff on which they abut when it is undercut by a stream. 



Steaight-sided Foets. — These are not numerous, and are possibly late, if 

 not Iffomian, in origin. It must, however, be remembered that they occur in 

 Ireland far outside the English settlements, and that some in Austria date 

 back to the Bronze Age. The chief examples in Co. Limerick are — 

 Cowpark (small) and ShanbaUy (11) ; MonemoyhiU (16) : BaUycullane Upper, 

 near Glin (17) ; Ballymartin (22) ; Cloghoonaowney in Eoxborough (13) ; 

 Shanid Upper (19); Garranard (two), MundeUihy, Adare (21): Skagha- 

 phreegaun, Ardroe (23) ; Grarrynagoora (23) : Eathjordan (23) ; Eathbaun, 

 Ballyhurst ; Kilduff and GortanvaUy (Dromkeeu South) (24) : Eeens (28) ; 

 Duckstown and BaUywilliam, near Eathkeale (29) ; Bohora, near Anhid (30); 

 Eathmore South (31). Lisheen, BaUynanty, consists of three small courts 

 and a large one adjoining, 400 feet x 240 feet over aU (31); BaUyrooga; 

 Eathfreedy and BaUybrown (37) ; Fort Middle, Cobnanstown (46) ; BaUin- 

 vreena ; Garryderk ; two in Glenlara : BallygiUane and Ballyfroota (48) ; 

 Glenlara (49) ; Kells, 200 feet x 150 feet (.54) : Jamestown, 250 feet x 290 feet, 

 and perhaps Ballymacshaneboy '55) ; LackendaiTagh, two courts adjoining at 

 one comer; Carheen and a second fort in Cullane(57); Bawnlogher, very 

 small (57) ; KUleedy Castle (44), and BaUyfeerode, the last a ring-fort with 

 a diamond-shaped annexe. 



High Motes. — Shanid, the castle and mote, are described below, also the 

 second platform-fort (19) ; Kilfinnane (56), with three rings, once (it is said) 

 five, and Grian (24, a shapely mote near Pallas Grian. Xone of these were 

 called raotes till recent times.' Small and lower earthworks are the motes of 

 Knockaunacumsa, Ulaunaholata, and Millmount at Kilmallock, a low, small 

 platform ; the railway runs through it. The motes of Knocklong and Bulgaden 

 and the Eagle Mount of Bruree may also be named. The list is probably 

 incomplete. Some are probably sepulchral — for example. Eagle Mount has 

 no fosse, and a small pillar rises on its platform, but only excavations can 

 distinguish between the various uses of the mounds. 



CEA>"yoG3. — One remains about a mile east from Eathkeale, near the 

 railway, and several on the eastern shore of the lake, below the modem Castle 

 of Dromore. Marsh forts are more common. The two islands of Lough Gur 

 are recorded as island forts ; one appears as repaired about 1002, but neither 



' iloU in Limerick and Clare is usually a low fort. 



