524 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 



for easting flat bronze axes and a knife, found in Ireland ; half of a stone- 

 mould for easting flanged axe-heads, found near Lough Corrib, Co. Galway ; 

 and half a mould for easting a plastave, with double loops, also found in 

 Ireland.' A single-piece mould of sandstone for casting a flat celt, found at 

 Ballymena, Co. Antrim, is figured hj Evans." 



APPENDIX II. 

 Copper and Tin in Ireland. 



The principal deposits of copper form three groups near the coast. The 

 first is in the valley of Ovoca, Co. Wicklow ; the second is in the district of 

 Knockmahon, Co. "Waterford; and the third is situated in the southern 

 portions of Cork and Kerry, 'i'here are a number of smaller deposits 

 scattered through other parts of Ireland.' The amount of copper raised 

 from the Irish mines in the last century was considerable ; in three years, 

 i.e. 1836, 1840, and 1843, the amounts of the ores sold in Swansea were 

 respectively 21,819, 19,580, and 17,509 tons, of a total value of £409,400 Is. QcU 

 In the copper mines of the Waterford district stone hammers and other 

 tools have been discovered in the ancient workings, showing that Irish 

 copper was mined in early times.' The Academy's collection contains a 

 number of stone implements of the type known as " miners' mauls." 

 " Most of them have been procured from the south of Ireland, several 

 from the neighbourhood of Killarney; and as many of them have been 

 found in ancient mines, they are usually associated with mining operations, and 

 have been denominated ' miners' hammers.' "^ Similar " miners' hammers " 

 have been found in ancient copper mines in Spain and in other early mining 

 centres.' 



Tinstone has been found in the gold-bearing soil of Wicklow, but only in 

 small quantities. No veins or workable deposits of it have been met with.' 



Mr. T. Hallissy, b.a., m.r.i.a., of the Geological Survey of Ireland, has 



* Catalogue of the Natioiutl Museum of Antiquities of Scotland, 1892, p. 124 ; and 

 Evans, op. cit., p. 431. 



- Op. cit., p. 429, fig. 515. 

 ^ Kane, Industri<il Besources of Ireland, 1845, p. 181. 



* Kane, op. cit., p. 204. 

 ^ Kane, op. cit., p. 189. 

 " Wilde, op. cit.. p. 85. 



'' Evans, Sto>te Implements, 1897, pp- 233, 234. 



* Kane, op. cit., p. 222 ; and Gowland, Jonnutl Boyal Anthropological Institute, xlii, 

 p. 251. 



