Puant Lick InyJuRING FOLIAGE AND FRUIT OF THE APPLE 689 
collection. This consists of a winged female and several young collected 
in St. Louis, Missouri, on July 4, 1877. Monell has the following note 
of this collection: ‘‘ The aphids on green twigs and under side of leaves 
of June apple in back garden (Shaw’s Garden, St. Louis, Mo.) July 4, 1877. 
Winged specimens under lens with abdomen green, head and thorax 
black; honey tubes dark; the apterous have abdomen green and thorax 
and head green; honey tubes black.’” 
Further evidence that the species had been present for a long time is 
shown by its wide distribution at the time (1897) of its first positive 
identification. It was found in New Jersey in 1897, in Colorado in 1898 
(Professor Gillette informs the writer by letter that there are specimens 
in his collection bearing that date), and in Delaware in 1900. 
NATURAL HISTORY 
Altho the species Aphis pomi has been present in Europe for centuries, 
no very satisfactory account of its life economy can be found in European 
literature. While Réaumur (1734-42) mentioned plant lice as curling 
the leaves of apple, he gave no clear, concise description of this species 
or its work. De Geer (1752-78), in his remarkable Mémoires, gives a 
more detailed account of this species, applying to it for the first time 
the name Aphis pom. De Geer did not confuse this species with the 
other two, and he presents a clear, concise account of its life history on 
the apple. Unfortunately this account did not attract the attention 
of the European entomologists, so that even to the present day the 
accounts of the plant lice on apple are most confused. This is all the more 
notable as the three common species of plant lice on the apple differ 
so remarkably in their life histories, their activities, and the character 
of their injuries to the foliage. Pergande (1904) was the first entomologist 
in America to clearly distinguish this species, and Smith (1900 a) was the 
first to present a concise account of its life history under the name Aphis 
malt Koch. Sanderson (1902) recognized that the species Aphis mali 
described by Smith is the true Aphis pomi De Geer. Sanderson also 
recognized the other two common species of apple plant lice and gave a 
connected account of the three species. Since the present manuscript was 
2 This information was furnished the writer by J. J. Davis, who has recently studied the Monell collection 
and who sent the writer the specimens referred to above. , 
