Puant Lice InsjuRiInG FouiaGE AND FRUIT OF THE APPLE 707 
In the case of the second generation, a majority, over 75 per cent, were 
found by the writer to be winged females. In the third generation the 
‘majority are wingless, less than 50 per cent possessing wings. This num- 
ber, however, greatly aids in the rapid dispersal of the species, and this 
dispersal becomes very marked during the first half of June. The winged 
forms from the stem mothers reach their maximum numbers at that time, 
and are followed closely by the winged forms descended from the second 
generation. 
In the outdoor cages the second generation began producing young 
on the last day or two of May and the third generation began maturing 
on June 12. On June 13 the wingless females of the third generation 
began producing young. Production of young by this generation became 
general about June 20. 
Activities 
The activities and habits of this generation do not differ in any marked 
degree from those of the preceding. However, the damage they do is 
more consequential. The third generation and its young congregate 
not only on the leaves, causing them to curl considerably, but also on the 
rapidly growing shoots, the fruit stems, and the fruits themselves. Usually 
the insects are found in company with the rosy aphis, so that from general 
observations one cannot state how much of the leaf curling is due to the 
one or to the other species. In general it may be stated that the green 
apple aphis (A phis pomz) does not cause the leaves to curl so badly, but is 
a worse pest of the tender shoots (Plate VII), causing them to die in many 
cases and stunting them in others. It also dwarfs the young apples, 
making them knotty and gnarled and preventing much of the ordinary 
June drop — resulting in cluster fruits, so common to the orchardist. 
In this last type of injury, however, the rosy aphis is the worst offender, 
tho the green apple aphis when abundant is a serious factor in this work. 
Reproductive capacity 
Unfortunately, thru a mistake in the writer’s cage work, the reproductive 
capacity of only the wingless forms was determined. However, there is 
shown in the table (Reproduction Chart I) the reproduction of wingless 
descendants of winged forms of the second generation and of descendants 
