Tur CRANE-Fires oF New York — Part I 779 
The lesser oceanic islands (the Seychelles, the Fiji, the Hawaiian, 
and others) that have been at all studied are quite devoid of species of 
the subfamily Tipulinae, these species being of large size and often 
possessing considerable powers of flight; while the much smaller species 
in the Limnobiinae are often very numerous and may include a considerable 
range of species. Crane-flies in the arctic regions are very abundant 
and are represented by a few genera of Limnobiinae and many species of 
Tipula. Many of the latter have the wings atrophied so that they are 
incapable of flight. This condition is particularly true of forms along 
the coast or on wind-swept islands adjoining the mainland, and may 
be confined to the female sex alone or may be found in both sexes. It 
must be understood, however, that reduction of the wings is by no means 
confined to such environments or to the genus Tipula, since it occurs 
in almost all the major groups of crane-flies — in Limnobiini (Zalusa End.), 
Eriopterini (Platylimnobia Alex., Chionea Dalm.), Limnophilini 
(Zaluscodes Lamb, Alfredia Bezzi, Limnophila aspidoptera Coq.), Pediciini 
(Tricyphona hanna Alex.), and many others—and is found in many different 
parts of the world tho usually in arctic, oceanic, or mountainous situations. 
Tipula besselst O.S., described from Polaris Bay, northern Greenland, 
is found above the 80th degree of north latitude and within a few hundred 
miles of the North Pole. 
The four families of crane-flies include, respectively, the following 
numbers of genera, subgenera, and species: ? 
Genera |Subgenera} Species 
“UAT PAS RSTRNT cs SUB ey a Dilaenmanin ste 8 
PTYCHOPTERIDAE: 
UY CHODLEEIN ACS gee sie ia vie nsene laiusieie eye ea lone aie ee AS Alesis sae 12 
BittscomoLphinaeyn= she un eho atee ee eee oe Die Steere 4 
RHYPHIDAE: 
PRI CHOCETIM ACH eet sheers coon st oa ee wears tun eae 2 2 22 
TRUS DLAUTINCNGY ete cet CRAG SRO CHET OS DuuS oie OE eS ane Sis lbeseiets cee 26 
Mi Cet ObiInaetirss cp ayersierc s-crdcrer se eee oe ote a ws DE ARR = 2 eae 7 
TIPULIDAE: 
Limnobiinae: 
Ib itaatave) ota Rte ioe Eien eis ae See ieee nae 10 5 365 
PATTEO CHIR Raney ete ote ieiicisyc) c eacrcheae AED ake oe 15 1 160 
BIT PO HELM leery ence sie feyal acre rereha leis calslces) oleh hotel 28 10 410 
ILitenvaay o) OU Aen nA BR aIn Scot) Getic Or 16 10 290 
3 This table is dated June 1, 1916. 
