&26 CHARLES PauL ALEXANDER 
Genus Tipula Linnaeus (continued) 
Subgenus Tipula Linnaeus (continued) 
T. ultima Alex. (continued) 
Kings County: Flatbush, September 28. 
Suffolk County: North Beach, September 18. 
Tompkins County: Ithaca, September 29 to October 10 (C. P. A.). 
Westchester County: Peekskill, September 15 (Van Atta). 
T. umbrosa Loew 
Essex County: Keene Valley, August 10 (J. A. L.). 
Fulton County: Sacandaga Park, June 24-29 (C. P. A.). 
Hamilton County: Long Lake, August 9 (J. A. L.). 
Herkimer County: Old Forge, July 25 (J. G. N.). 
Tompkins County: Ithaca, July 20 (L. W. C.). 
T. valida Loew 
Albany County: Helderbergs, June 12 (C. P. A.). 
Cattaraugus County: Rock City, June 16 (H. H. K.). 
Erie County: Lancaster, June 2-4 (M. C. VD.); North Evans, July 4 
(M. C. VD.); ete. 
Fulton County: Woodworth’s Lake, May 30 to June 15 (C. P. A.); Sacandaga 
Park, June 1—21 (C. P. A.). 
Herkimer County: Indian Castle, June 13 (C. P. A.). 
Onondaga County: Green Lake, June 8 (C. P. A.). 
Saratoga County: Corinth, June 22 (D. B. Y.). 
Tompkins County: Ithaca, May 26 to June 20 (C. P. A.). 
T. vicina Dietz 
Erie County: Lancaster, May 31 (M. C. VD.), T. L.; Hamburg, June 7 
(M. C. VD.). 
Regional species: Aeshnasoma rivertonensis Johns., Nephrotoma approximata (Dietz), N. 
cingulata (Dietz), N. festina (Dietz), N. hirsutula (Dietz), N. obliterata (Dietz), N. occi- 
pitalis (Loew), N. penumbra Alex., N. punctwm (Loew), N. stigmatica (Dietz), N. temeraria 
(Dietz), N.vittula (Loew), N. wyalusingensis (Dietz), Tipula angulata Loew, T. annulicornis 
Say, 7. aprilina Alex., T. centralis Loew, T. cincticornis Doane, T’.. conspicua Dietz, T. fra- 
terna Loew, T. huron Alex., T. gohnsoniana Alex., T. mainensis Alex., T. megaura Doane, 
T. morrisoni Alex., T. pachyrhinoides Alex., T. ternaria Loew. 
Distribution of the Tipulidae and related families by life zones 
North America may be divided into seven roughly parallel belts, or 
zones, termed life zones, which extend more or less completely across 
the continent and are distinguished from one another by peculiarities 
of their fauna and flora, by the annual precipitation, and by other char- 
acteristics. Beginning with the treeless Arctic-Alpine zone in northern 
Canada and passing southward, they comprise the Hudsonian, the 
Canadian, the Transition, the Upper Austral, the Lower Austral, and 
finally the Tropical zone, the last-named being found in the United States 
only in southern Florida and Texas. 
These belts are by no means regularly parallel. In certain localities 
they run north or south at right angles to their usual course and encroach 
