832 CHARLES PauL ALEXANDER 
Tipula strepens Loew 
submaculata Loew 
sulphurea Doane (C) 
taughannock Alex. (C) 
The Austral region 
The Transition zone.— ‘‘The Transition zone 
Tipula tephrocephala Loew 
ultima Alex. (T) 
unimaculata (Loew) 
valida Loew (C) 
is the trans- 
continental belt in which Boreal and Austral elements overlap. From 
New England to the northern Rocky Mountains its course is fairly even 
and regular.”” (Merriam, 1898: 20.) 
The following plants may be considered as Transition species: 
Schizaea pusilla Pursh 
Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP. 
Trillium grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. 
cernuum L. 
Aletris farinosa L. 
Smilax hispida Muhl. 
Juglans nigra L. 
Ulmus racemosa Thomas 
Sassafras variifolium (Salisb.) Ktze. 
Crotalaria sagittalis L. 
Polygala Nuttallii T. & G. 
Nyssa aquatica L. 
Asclepias verticillata L. 
Datura Stramonium L. 
Pentstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. 
Dianthera americana L. 
The crane-flies of this area include the following species: 
Dicranomyia rara O. S. 
Limnobia fallax Johns. 
Dicranoptycha sobrina O. 8. 
Gonomyia manca (O. S.) 
Limnophila cubitalis O. 8. 
fasciolata O. 8. 
irrorata Johns. 
Aeshnasoma rivertonensis Johns. 
Tipula annulicornis Say 
eluta Loew 
fraterna Loew 
georgiana Alex. 
sayi Alex. 
tricolor Fabr. 
tuscarora Alex. 
umbrosa Loew 
Limnophila cubitalis perhaps might be better included in the list pre- 
ceding this. Tzipula umbrosa ranges from the Austral to the Canadian 
zone, but seems most numerous in the Transition zone. 
The Upper Austral zone——‘The Carolinian faunal area [of the Upper 
Austral zone] 
occupies the larger part of the Middle States, 
except the mountains.” (Merriam, 1898:30.) 
The following plants may be considered as Upper Austral species: 
Pinus virginiana Mill. 
echinata Mill. 
Commelina communis L. 
Saururus cernuus L. 
Quercus falcata Michx. 
marilandica Muench. 
phellos L. 
Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. 
Cabomba caroliniana Gray 
Asimina triloba Dunal 
Corydalis flavula (Raf.) DC. 
Liquidambar Styraciflua L. 
Desmodium laevigatum (Nutt.) DC. 
Lespedeza repens (L.) Bart. 
Pielea trifoliata L® 
Evonymus americanus L. 
5 Species characteristic of this zone but running into the Transition zone. 
