THe CRANE-FLIES oF New YorkK— Part I 837 
Autumnal species — from September 10 to snowfall — are as follows. 
Limnophila ultima is sometimes vernal but is commoner in late summer 
and autumn. JDzscobola argus is found at other seasons but is more 
numerous in September. Cladura flavoferruginea, Limnophila ultima, and 
Tipula cunctans have a longer flight-period than most of the others listed. 
Dicranomyia brevivena O. 8. Tricyphona autumnalis Alex. 
Limnobia parietina O. 8. Tipula cunctans Say 
Discobola argus (Say) fragilis Loew 
Cladura delicatula Alex. ultima Alex. 
flavoferruginea O. S. unifasciata (Loew) 
Limnophila osborni Alex. 
ultima O.S. 
The following European species seem to have this seasonal distribution: 
Tipula anonyma Bergr. Tipula melanoceros Schum. 
autumnalis Loew obsoleta Meig. 
interserta Ried. pagana Meig. 
luteipennis Meig. rufina Meig. 
marmorata Meig. signata Staeg. 
IMMATURE STAGES 
THE EGG 
The egg stage is generally of short duration, usually lasting from one 
to three weeks. In Tipula sayz it is eight days. The number of eggs 
laid, so far as is known, ranges from about forty-five in Styringomyia 
didyma to about two thousand in the larger species of Eriocera. The 
eggs are deposited in different ways according to the species, the details 
of which are discussed elsewhere (page 881). 
The eggs are without an intricate sculpturing, but may be finely 
punctured or striate. They are black, with a heavy chorion in the 
Tipulinae and in the tribe Hexatomini. In most of the Limnobiinae and 
the Cylindrotominae they are white and pellucid, or even a light orange- 
red in some cases, as in the genus Dicranomyia. 
THE LARVA 
The larval, or feeding, stage is the longest in the life of a crane-fly, 
in the known cases requiring the greater part of the year. Some of the 
smaller forms are presumably double-brooded, since they appear in the 
spring, are absent during most of the summer, and reappear in the late 
