THE CRANE-FLIES oF NEw YorK— Part I 845 
Wood- and bark-inhabiting forms 
The forms inhabiting wood and bark (Ctenophora, Tanyptera, and 
others) may be reared by placing pieces of their natural habitations 
in a large closed jar and leaving them undisturbed. Pupation takes 
place in the burrows of the larvae. 
THE ADULT FLIES 
STRUCTURE 
The head 
The head is the first, or anterior, region of the body. It bears the 
mouth parts, the antennae, the compound eyes, and, when they are 
present, the simple eyes, or ocelli. 
The sclerites 
The sclerites, or segments, composing the head are approximately 
the same as in other insects, consisting of a prominent dorsal sclerite 
which surrounds the compound eyes, the epzcranium. This is further 
divided into regions which may be located generally as follows: The 
fronto-clypeus is located on the dorso-cephalic aspect of the head, between 
the labrum and the region of the vertex. It consists of the united front 
and clypeus, the suture between them having disappeared. The labrum, 
or upper lip, is often present as a chitinized linear structure lying anterior 
to the fronto-clypeus and attached to the ventral margin of the clypeal 
region of the latter. The vertex occupies the dorsal region between the 
compound eyes, and, when they are present, includes the ocelli, or simple 
eyes. On or near its anterior part it bears the antennae (page 848), 
inserted in depressions, the antennal fossae. In many species with elongate 
antennae, especially in Eriocera, Macromastix, and some other genera, 
the vertex bears a distinct tubercle, the vertical tubercle, which is often 
deeply bifid. In Geranomyia cornigera Alex. (Philippine Islands) the 
vertex bears a curious elongate fleshy lobe. Very rarely this sclerite 
bears three simple eyes, or ocelli, which are discussed elsewhere (page 854). 
The genae, or cheeks, occupy the sides, or lateral parts, of the head, ventrad 
and mesad of the compound eyes. The ventro-caudal region of the 
head is made up of the postgenae. The dorso-caudal region is the occiput. 
