THe CRANE-FLIES oF NEw YorkK— Part I 855 
femora, the mesotibia, and so on. In addition to the thoracic segments 
there are some tiny sclerites between the head and the prothorax, called 
the cervical sclerites and comprising the neck, or microthoraz. 
The prothorax.—In the Tipulidae the pronotum, or dorsal sclerite 
of the prothorax, consists of two regions which are usually interpreted 
as being homologous to the scutum and the scutellum of the mesonotum, 
described and illustrated below. In this paper these regions are called 
the pronotal scutum and the pronotal scutellum. The propleurites are 
made up of the usual pleural plates, which are discussed in the description 
of the mesothorax; these are termed the proepisternum and the proepimeron. 
The sternal region of the prothorax is the prosternwm. In the family 
Tipulidae the sclerites of the pronotum are usually small and insignificant, 
being encroached upon by the sclerites of the mesothorax. In some 
exotic genera, such as the tropicopolitan genus Styringomyia, the pro- 
thorax is large and of a generalized structure. In entomological 
literature the pronotum is usually spoken of as the “neck” or the 
“collare.” - 
The mesothorax.— The mesothorax is the principal region of the thorax 
in the Tipulidae. The mesonctum, or upper part, is divided into two 
sclerites, which are again divided so as to appear as four — the prescutum, 
the scutum, the scutellum, and the postnotum. 
The prescutum is the anterior, or first, subdivision. In crane-flies 
it is the largest single region of the thorax, lying behind the pronotum 
and before the transverse, or V-shaped, suture. It may be very flat and 
depressed, as in the South African genus Platylimnobia, or very high 
and gibbous, as in Dicranomyia globithorax, D. gibbera, and other species; 
or it may jut far cephalad over the pronotum, as in Conosia and in many 
species of Trentepohlia. In the subgenus Conorhipidia of the genus Rhipi- 
dia, which includes two species from tropical America, the prescutum is 
elevated into a high conical point, which is very remarkable but is sug- 
gested in other species of the same genus, as, for instance, Rhipidia domestica. 
The prescutum is usually striped in various ways, a common pattern 
being three stripes, one in the middle and two shorter ones on the sides. 
The spaces between these stripes often bear setigerous punctures, with 
setae of various forms and sizes. In many genera the prescutum bears 
two shiny dots, called tuberculate pits (fig. 126, B). In certain groups, 
