Tue CRANE-FiIes oF New YorK— Part I 915 
Epiphragma is a small genus of handsome flies including about eighteen 
described species, which are most abundant in the tropics of America. 
The flies are of medium size and are among the most beautiful in the 
family, their wing pattern of ocellate spots and bands producing a striking 
effect. The immature stages are amphibious, the larval life being spent 
in saturated decaying wood such as ash (Fraxinus) and buttonbush 
(Cephalanthus), in swampy situations, and in similar habitats. 
The following key divides the local species: 
Wings with pale brown crossbands which are margined with darker; a brown annulus at 
the tip of each femur. [Limnobia fascipennis Say. Journ. Acad.;Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 3, 
eee Oem 234 pen elate exc b 158.) en Gea salvo sions ois wacra ee Se tee ain E. fascipennis (Say) 
Wings with an irregular pattern of brown and tawny; a brown annulus before the tip of 
each femur. [Limnophila solatrix O. S. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 238. 1859.] 
(Cellet DLA, TS) a5 ioe act see ti ie A Are ea E. solatrix (O. 8.) 
In many specimens of Epiphragma fascipennis the wing bands are 
more continuous than in the wing shown, there being usually three such 
bands, the last lying across the wing tip distad of the cord. The wing 
pattern is strongly suggestive of that of the rare primitive tanyderid 
Protoplasa fitchit, and most of the specimens of the latter that have been 
located in museums were found pinned among series of Hpiphragma 
fascipennis. 
Genus Limnophila Macquart 
1834 Limnophila Macq. Suit. 4 Buff., vol. 1, Hist. Nat. Ins., Dipt., p. 95. 
1861 Limnomya Rond. Prodromus, vol. 4, Corrigenda, p. 11. 
1888 Pilaria Sintenis. Sitzber. Nat.-Ges. Dorpat., vol. 8, p. 398. 
Limnophila is one of the largest of the crane-fly genera, the number 
of described species being between one hundred and ninety and two 
hundred, of which a quarter occur within the geographical limits con- 
sidered in this paper. The subgenera into which the genus is divided 
are here recognized largely for convenience only, some of them being 
poorly definable. The larval and pupal characters will be found to be 
much more valuable in delimiting these groups. Limnophila mundoides 
and L. emmelina both represent groups which are as well defined as the 
sub-genera here recognized. Most of the forms of northeastern North 
America fly during the month of June and are to be found in cold 
Canadian woodlands. The immature stages of most species of Limnophila 
are spent in rich, saturated mud or earth. 
