934 CHARLES PAauL ALEXANDER 
The small genus Longurio includes about six described species from 
widely separated areas of the earth, two being from eastern North America. 
It is probable that the species recently described by Edwards from Formosa 
is not a Longurio, as its hypopygium is very different from the peculiar 
type characteristic of this group (Plate LIII, 329). The immature stages 
are spent in sand or gravel near running water, usually in mountainous 
conditions. The bulky, semi-transparent larvae of L. testaceus are proba- 
bly the largest crane-fly larvae to be found in eastern America; the writer 
is indebted to Mr. Hyslop for specimens which, altho not bred, can scarcely 
belong to any other species. The pupae are remarkable in their elongate 
breathing horns, these being nearly 20 mm. in length. The adult fly of 
L. testaceus is the largest crane-fly in eastern America, in the female sex 
even excelling the better-known Holorusia grandis of the West. It is 
found in cool, shaded woods, near streams, and is very wary and difficult 
to capture, usually alighting in the midst of a pile of brush or similar 
débris from which it cannot be swept with a net. 
The following key divides the local species of Longurio: 
Large, wing of male about 25 mm., abdomen 36 mm.; cell M, with its petiole very short 
[Berl. Ent. Ztschr., vol. 18, p. 3. 1869.] (Plate XLIII, 192, wing; Plate XLIX, 256, ninth 
tergite; Plate LIII, 329, lateral aspect of male hypopygium.)......... L. testaceus Loew 
Small, wing of male about 15 mm., abdomen 18 mm.; cell M, with its petiole elongated. 
[Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 605-606, pl. 27, fig. 32. 1914.] (Plate XLIII, 193.) 
L. minimus Alex. 
Genus Nephrotoma Meigen 
1800 Pales Meig. Nouv. Class. Mouch. p. 14 (nomen nudum). 
1803 Nephrotoma Meig. Illiger’s Mag., p. 262. 
1834 Pachyrrkina Macq. Suit. 4 Buff., vol. 1, Hist. Nat. Ins., Dipt., p. 88. 
The large genus Nephrotoma includes about one hundred and twenty- 
five species of medium-sized flies, which present a great uniformity of 
size and color but a considerable diversity in the structure of the male 
antennae. In many instances the species run close to those of Tipula, 
and the two genera are undoubtedly very close together. The writer 
(Alexander, 1915 b:466) has removed about six of the North American 
species of Nephrotoma from this genus and placed them in Tipula. As 
a rule the species of Nephrotoma are brilliantly colored with red, yellow, 
orange, or black, the body being shiny; in N. macrocera and to a lesser 
extent in the tenwis group, however, the body is dull. In the genus Tipula 
the colors are brown, gray, and yellow, and are dull, the only shiny species 
