THe RIBBED Pinr-BorRER 375 
The pupa 
Pupation begins in the latter part of August and continues until late 
in October. Because of the varying temperature at that time of the 
year, the pupal period varies considerably. The individuals that pupated 
in August were found to emerge in from sixteen to twenty days, while 
those that pupated later took a month or even more to complete their 
pupal period. Some were found that wintered as pupae, but in every 
case observed these died before spring. When the adults emerge they are 
nearly white, and they require from two to five days to become fully colored. 
The pupa (Plate VIII, 4) measures from 12 to 18. millimeters in length. 
It is white in color and 
rather convex in shape, 
and is without any 
special distinguishing 
markings. Scattered 
over its surface are many 
small setae, or spines. 
HABITS 
Of all the insects in- 
festing the pine, few are 
commoner than, or as in- 
teresting to observe as, 
- this species of ceramby- : 
Bri Where the. insects Fic, 66. LABIUM, VENTRAL VIEW 
3 5 SM, submentum; M, mentum; L, ligula; P, palpus 
were studied in New 
York and Pennsylvania, they have been found during the winter months 
in large numbers, both as larvae and as adults, underneath the bark of 
white, red, and pitch pine. Here the larvae feed on the decaying tissues 
of the cambium layer. 
The adults, which emerge in early spring, can be found during the last 
of May and in June on pines that have recently died. These insects 
always prefer the larger trees, and in this region the pitch pine is preferred 
to the other species, due possibly to the heavier bark which offers the 
insect more food and better protection. Trees less than six inches in 
diameter seldom, if ever, are infested with this insect; in fact, efforts 
have been made, by using cages, to have females oviposit on logs of this 
