714 CHARLES PauL ALEXANDER 
The specialized methods of oviposition in the Cylindrotominae have) 
already been discussed on page 709 under the account of Cylindrotoma 
splendens. ‘The species of Tipula and other genera the females of which 
have blunt valves to the ovipositor (Styringomyia, Macromastix, and 
others), all probably scatter their eggs promiscuously or else have a special- 
ized method of egg-laying. Similarly, the species of Tipula of the arctica 
group, in which the dorsal valves of the ovipositor are very large, placed 
horizontally, and with the margin finely serrated, undoubtedly have a 
peculiar method of oviposition, but this has not yet been observed. 
The egg 
The number of eggs laid by crane-flies varies from about forty-five in 
Styringomyia to some two thousand in the larger species of Eriocera. 
The following table indicates the general range in the group: 
Number of eggs laid 
Species Reference 
Maximum } Minimum | Average 
Piychoptera albimana............. 587 520 554 | Topsent, 1914-16 
Styringomyia didyma............. ZY vero aeee 45 | Terry ms. 
Eriocera longicornis.............. 1,034 872 952 | Alexander ms. 
SPUN OS Ae ner Nia 2,061 1,824 1,942 | Alexander ms. 
Hexatoma megacera............... 372 316 347 | Alexander, 1915 ¢ 
Phalacrocera replicata............ COR heres 60 | Miall and Shelford, 
1897 
ogma, Glavraidn yaa GOs) es coe 60 | Muggenberg, 1901 
Ctenophora angustipennis.......... 400 200 300 | Lovett, 1915 
Pupula cunctans es. oN eee ee Ee ie eel | area 300 | Hyslop, 1910 
WRUMSédovaoseccseonee es 297 282 289 | Webster, 1893b 
tephrocephala......... oe 200) eee cee 255 | Webster, 1893 b 
GNGUSUL DENNIS» 6 eee ee COZS PAS eae se 602 | Hyslop, 1910 
CHNTHSES o cam 6aicaeeo One e : BYU ee na see: 329 | Alexander ms. 
ejecta ebee rs one eo 366 251 309 | Alexander ms. 
Oller aceanetn tes tert eee 6009 ae See €00 | Del Guercio, 1914 
The eggs are in most cases elongate with the ends narrowed and rounded, 
or, in other words, spindle-shaped. The chorion in the species of Tipula, 
Hexatoma, and other genera is blackened and in some cases more or less 
sculptured. In Ctenophora angustipennis (Lovett, 1915) the egg is ebony 
black with deep purple reflection, elongate-oval, uniform, without pits or 
ridges, and measuring from 1.26 to 14 millimeters by 0.375 millimeter. 
