THE CRANE-FuIES oF New York — Part II 727 
had fallen into the water or were captured while newly transformed. 
Forbes (1888) records Coregonus and Hyodon as feeding on the eggs, 
and Notropis as feeding on the larvae, of crane-flies. Levander (1909:1) 
records Perca fluviatilis Linn. as feeding on larvae of Tipulidae. 
Invertebrates 
Arachnida.— Some spiders are notable enemies of crane-flies, which 
fall easy victims while in a helpless, teneral condition. These spiders 
represent many families, such as the Thomisidae, the Lycosidae, the 
Attidae, the Epeiridae, and others (Alexander and Lloyd, 1914:15; 
also, Alexander, 1915¢:144). An account of their preying on the larger 
crane-flies of the genus Tipula is given under the discussion of T. 
taughannock (page 1013). Ina recent paper Bilsing (1920) has recorded 
four species of crane-flies eaten by spiders. These spiders represented 
thirteen species arranged in four families —the Lycosidae, the Attidae, 
the Epeiridae, and the Agelenidae. J. R. Malloch found a female Tipula 
angustipennis which was being eaten by a crab spider, determined by 
Mr. Banks as Xysticus ferox Htz. The spider did not release its hold 
until after it was placed in a jar of cyanide. 
Hexapoda.— Odonata: The following records of dragon-flies found 
feeding on adult crane-flies are available: Gomphus vastus Walsh and 
G. ventricosus Walsh, found feeding on Tipula bicornis at South Bend, 
Indiana, May 30, 1914 (KE. B. Williamson); Helocordulia uhlert (Selys), 
found feeding on LEriocera longicornis (Alexander, 1915¢:152); Agrion 
puella Linn., found feeding on Erioptera flavescens (Campion, 1914:498). 
C. H. Kennedy has sent the writer a male and a female specimen of a small 
crane-fly, Teucholabis pabulatoria Alex., which he found in the mouth of 
a damsel fly, Hetaerina tricolor Burm., collected in Guatemala by Professor 
Hine. Needham and Hart (1901-03 [1901]:47) record the nymphs of 
Anax junius (Dru.) feeding on the larvae of Tipulidae. 
Diptera: The adult flies of at least three families of the order Diptera 
—the Asilidae, the Empididae, and the Scatophagidae—and the larvae 
of a fourth, Anthomyiidae, are notable enemies of crane-flies. The 
records of Kirby (1892), Poulton (1906-07), Bromley (1914), Alexander 
(1915c), and McAtee and Banks (1920) on the first three of these 
families may be summarized as follows: 
