728 CHARLES PauL ALEXANDER 
Asilidae (robber flies) Prey 
Lasiopogon cinctus (Fabr.) Nephrotoma lineata (Scop.) (Poulton, 1906-07, 
as histrio [Fabr.]) 
Neoitamus cyanurus (Lw.) (incopulation with Tipula scripta Meig. (Poulton, 1906-07) 
female, the latter with the crane-fly) 
Proctacanthus philadelphicus Macq. Nephrotoma sp. (2 records, Bromley, 1914) 
Asilus sp. Nephrotoma ferruginea (Fabr.) (3 records, 
Alexander, 1915 ¢) 
Asilus flavofemoratus Hine Tipula sp. (McAtee and Banks, 1920: 30) 
Asilus notatus Wied. Nephrotoma ferruginea (Fabr.) (McAtee and 
Banks, 1920:31) i 
Asilus paropus Walk. Epiphragma solatric (O. 8.) (McAtee and 
Banks, 1920:31) 
Asilinae Tipula lateralis Meig. (Poulton, 1906-07) 
The Empididae, or dance flies, are small, predacious flies which are closely related to the 
robber flies and largely replace them in moist shaded situations. They unquestionably 
play a most important part in the economy of the Tipulidae, since both groups are practically 
confined to the same general situations and, in the temperate regions at least, representatives 
of the two groups are invariably found together. Macquart (Kirby, 1892:229), discussing 
Empis livida Linn., writes as follows: ‘“‘ Among the thousands of pairs which I have noticed 
resting on bushes or hedges, nearly all the females were engaged in sucking some insect, 
sometimes small Phryganidae or Ephemeridae, but more often Tipulidae. They busy 
themselves with feeding and perpetuating their species at the same time.” Howlett (1907) 
records Empis borealis Linn. as feeding on Tipulidae. The following records are from 
Poulton (1906-07: 380-382): Empis tesselata Fabr. preys on Tipula lunata Linn., T. 
paludosa Meig., and other species; Empis livida Linn. preys on Dicranomyia sp. (it is 
probable that the long-legged flies, Dolichopodidae, likewise play an important réle in 
the lives of the Tipulidae, but no records are available to the writer to confirm this belief.) 
The Scatophagidae (Cordyluridae), or dung flies, unquestionably play an important part 
in the lives of the smaller crane-flies (Limnobiinae). The following records indicate this 
relationship, the last being supplied by Malloch: 
Enemy Pre 
Ay 
Scatophaga suilla (Fabr.) Dicranomyia lutea (Meig.) (Poulton, 1906-07) 
Scatophaga sp. (stercoraria?) Erioptera sp. (Poulton, 1906-07) 
Scatophaga sp. Hexatoma megacera (O. 8.) (Alexander, 1915 c) 
Scatophaga stercoraria(L.) and squalida Meig. Trichocera (Malloch,1911) 
Comparatively recently the larvae of Anthomyiidae have been found 
to play a highly important réle in the economy of other insects living in 
the same haunts. The very important paper by Keilin (1917) may be 
consulted in connection with this pomt. This student found the follow- 
ing Anthomyiidae associated with Tipulidae: Graphomyia maculata Scop., 
feeding on larvae of Ptychoptera contaminata (L.) (Keilin, 1917:354-860) ; 
Allognota agromyzina Fall., associated with and possibly feeding on the 
larvae of Ula macroptera Macq. (page 360-362 of reference cited); 
Phaonia cincta Zett., feeding on larvae and pupae of Mycetobia pallipes 
(page 362-375 of reference); Phaonia goberti Mik, associated with and 
possibly feeding on the larvae of Gnophomyia tripudians Bergr. (page 
