THE CRANE-FLIES oF NEw York — Part II 743 
earth from their haunts in a 4- or 6-dram shell vial, moisten the earth, 
and place a thin layer of moss over it. The vial should not be corked, 
but should be covered with a piece of cheesecloth held in place by rubber 
bands. In the case of carnivorous species, as the Hexatomini and the 
Pedicini, individuals should be isolated in vials, but the herbivorous 
species may be bred in large numbers in single containers. The predatory 
forms are usually distinguished without difficulty by their extremely 
active, snakelike motions, the other species being more sluggish in their 
actions. 
Strictly aquatic forms, such as Antocha, are reared only with great diffi- 
culty. These species can survive only in rapidly flowing, well-aérated 
water, and it is usually a difficult matter to imitate this condition success- 
fully. The best plan is to place rearing cages in the natural haunts of 
the larvae. This can be done if a suitable location is sufficiently close at 
hand and free from disturbance by inquisitive passers-by. The chief 
source of danger to breeding cages in natural streams is that a sudden 
rise of water may suffocate the larvae or wash the cages downstream, 
or else may destroy the contents of the cage by a thick deposition of silt. 
Lotic species that are discovered in streams far removed from the laboratory 
can be transported alive for long distances in folds of wet cheesecloth. 
The writer has found this to be the most satisfactory way to keep advanced 
pupae alive until they are ready to emerge as adults. 
In general, the writer has found species of the tribe Pediciini the most 
difficult to rear, and the Limnobiini and the Eriopterini perhaps the 
easiest. Mud-inhabiting species are easily reared, but species from rushing 
torrents are at the opposite extreme and it is almost. an impossibility to 
bring some of these species thru to the adult condition. 
TYPES OF THE IMMATURE STAGES 
The material on which this study is based was almost entirely reared. 
It seems desirable that these authentic specimens of the larva and the 
pupa should be so designated that they will have a value greater than 
that possessed by ordinary specimens. No terms for the designation of 
types of the immature stages are known to the writer, and the two that 
are needed in this paper are here defined as follows: 
Nepionotype, The type of the larva. 
Neanotype, The type of the pupa. 
