Tue CRANE-Fiures or New York — Part II risyl 
directly continuous with the ventral bars of the head capsule. In the 
Limnophilaria the mentum is represented by a narrow, transverse, 
chitinized bar, which is delicately grooved with parallel lines. The 
mentum is lacking in chitinized parts, or apparently so, in many Eriop- 
terini and in the higher Hexatomini. 
Directly behind the mentum is the prementum, rarely prominent and 
bearing the two small palpi when they are preserved, as in the Ptychopter- 
idae. The hypopharynx lies immediately dorsad of the prementum. In 
the Ptychopteridae this is an enlarged, two-horned, fleshy lobe which 
is difficult to study. In the Tipulidae the generalized condition, such 
as occurs in the Limnobiini and the lower Hexatomini, consists of two 
eollar-like chitinized plates whose anterior margins bear from ten to 
fifteen or more teeth. In the Tipulini this plate is narrow, with the 
anterior margin few-toothed, there usually being five or in some cases 
six teeth. In the Pediciini the hypopharynx is labriform; in many 
Eriopterini it is cushion-shaped and covered with numerous blunt setae. 
The antennae.— The antennae are borne on the anterior lateral margin 
of the capsule, laterad of the labrum. They are one- or two-segmented, 
and in most cases have one or more apical papillae. De Meijere and 
others hold that the principal apical papilla constitutes an additional 
antennal segment. In some cases, however, as in Ula for example, two 
or even more papillae are found which are very similar to one another 
except for slight degrees of size. It is difficult in such cases to hold any 
one of these papillae as a true segment. The writer prefers to consider 
them as apical sensory papillae, and they are so treated in this paper. 
The primitive antennae are not greatly elongated, and are usually 
short-cylindrical or subglobular (Ula). An auditory plate, circular in 
outline and lying on the face of the basal segment, is almost always present. 
The apical papilla in the Limnophilaria and the Eriopterini is egg-shaped, 
or oval, and is delicately sculptured by a network of apparently impressed 
lines. In many species, as for example those of the higher Hexatomini, 
the apical papillae are very long, tapering to the tips. In many Limno- 
buni, as for example Limnobia, and in many species of Tipula and related 
forms, the apical papilla is button-shaped, or disklike, and is often very 
reduced. 
The mandible.— In the primitive type, such as occurs in the eucephalous 
groups and in the generalized Tipulidae, the mandible is rather com- 
