Tur CRANE-Fuies oF New York — Part II 763 
when sufficiently advanced giving off the vasa deferentia from the inner 
side of the hinder end. Even in larvae not fully matured, Miall found 
ripe spermatazoa mixed with spermatoblasts. No division of the testes 
into follicles is apparent. In Phalacrocera, also, ripe spermatazoa may 
be found in the older larvae. 
In Phalacrocera the ovaries form a pair of cylindrical bodies tapering 
to each end, lying on either side of the beginning of the intestine. The 
ovaries are very peculiar in structure, seeming to be adapted to the almost 
simultaneous discharge of all the eggs. 
The muscular system 
The most important literature on the muscular system is as follows: 
Body musculation 
Ptychoptera. Grobhen, 1876. 
Dicranota. Miail, 1893:241. 
Ctenophora. Anthon, 1908:545. 
Holorusia. Comstock and Kellogg, 1904:59-60. 
Musculation of the mouth parts 
Phalacrocera. Bengtsson, 1897. 
The fat bodies, or adipose tissue 
The most important literature on the adipose tissue is as follows: 
Dicranota. Miall, 1893: 241-242. 
Ctenophora. Anthon, 1908: 554. 
Holorusia. Comstock and Kellogg, 1904: 56. 
The imaginal disks, or histoblasts 
The most important literature on the imaginal disks is as follows: 
Phalacrocera. Miall and Shelford, 1897:357-358. 
_Ctenophora. Anthon, 1908:555. 
Holorusia. Kellogg, 1901 b; Comstock and Kellogg, 1904:61. 
PHYLOGENY 
The origin and phylogenetic development of the various groups of 
erane-flies is still largely problematical. The evidence supplied by the 
adult flies of the most generalized living groups points to an ancestor 
which in many respects resembled the recent Mecoptera, or scorpion 
