‘HE CRANE-FLIES oF NEW York — Parr II 773 
Larvae 
Mentum with outer margin finely serrated; mandibles with three large outer teeth; pseudo- 
pods small; coloration yellow or brown...................--.5. Ptychopterinae (p: 773) 
Mentum hilohed, not toothed; mandibles with a single large outer tooth; pseudopods prom- 
inent, each with a conspicuous curved claw; coloration rusty red or black. 
Bittacomorphinae (p. 779) 
Pupae 
All tarsi lying parallel; wing pads with M kranched.............. Ptychopterinae (p. 773) 
Fore tarsi lying above middle tarsi; wing pads with M unbranched. 
Bittacomorphinae (p. 779) 
The immature stages of this group of flies have long been known, having 
been investigated by Réaumur (1740), Lyonet (1832), and other early 
workers. The immature stages of the common American species 
Ptychoptera rufocincta are herein recorded for the first time. The unknown 
Ptychoptera described by Malloch (1915-17b: 240-241) is evidently P. 
lenis O. S. and is here considered as that species. 
The most important literature on the Ptychopteridae is as follows: 
Ptychoptera paludosa............ Larva, pupa, general.. Réaumur, 1740, pl. 6. 
Ptychoptera paludosa............ Generale pts ees er Wesenberg-Lund, 1915:348-351. 
Ptychoptera lacustris............. WAT Valie eas meester Beling, 1886: 171-172. 
Ptychoptera contaminata......... Larva, general....... Van Gehuchten, 1890. (Histol- 
ogy of the alimentary canal.) 
Ptychoptera albimana............ General 32.5 see ee Cameron, 1917:65. 
Ptychoptera albimana............ Larva, pupa, general.. Topsent, 1914-16. 5 
Ptychoptera sp. (lenis supp.)..... anvala savefacess Gan ee Malloch, 1915-17 b:240-241. 
ATCROPUCTONSDEteer oe 02s se: Generale ceeee se Léger and Dubkoseq, 1909. (Pro- 
; tozoan parasites. ) 
LAA UUOMIGINS 0 apes Larva, general....... Grobben, 1876. (Morphology.) 
EGONGA OS Deg Saba OE Eee Larva, general....... De Meijere, 1916:188-191, figs. 
14-20. (External morphology.) 
EU CRODLCLONS DEP ac Aten Generales) fees: 29 Lyonet, 1832. 
Bittacomorpha clavipes........... Larva, pupa, general.. Hart, 1898 [1895]: 189-195. 
Bittacomorpha clavipes........... Generales rere Needham and Betten, 1901:574- 
Bittacomorpha clavipes........... General oe ear Howard, 1912:95—-96. 
Bittacomorpha clavipes........... larva, pupa. .......- Malloch, 1915-17 b: 239-240. 
Bittacomorpha clavipes........... General eee Weston and Turner, 1917:53. 
Van der Wulp (1857), Miall (1895), Griinberg (1910), and Brunetti 
(1912) also give general accounts of the immature stages of Ptychoptera, 
for the most part taken from the earlier works cited above. 
SUBFAMILY Ptychopterinae 
Genus Ptychoptera Meigen (Gr. fold + wing) 
1800 Liriope Meig. Nouv. Class. Mouch., p. 14 (nomen nudum). 
1803 Ptychoptera Meig. Illiger’s Mag., vol. 2, p. 262. 
1856 Ctenoceria Rond. Dipt. Ital. Prodr., vol. 1, p. 187. 
