Tue CRANE-FLIES oF NEw York — Part II 787 
than the others and lying directly over middle tarsi; tarsi of hind and middle legs parailel 
and extending beyond tips of fore tarsi. Scutal lobes each with about four setiferous tubercles. 
Thorax and first abdominal segment transversely crenulated. 
Abdomen with transverse bands of chitin much broader than in Ptychoptera, so that they 
cover almost the entire abdominal surface; these bands with about twelve tubercles on 
segments 3 and 4, about ten on segment 5, and from six to eight on the posterior segments; 
tubercles of various sizes, small and somewhat degenerate ones being interspersed with 
larger ones; tubercles long and slender, each crowned by a circlet or star of from three to 
six (usually four or five) stout spines (Plate XVIII, 44-46), a setiferous papilla arising 
from the center of this circlet of spines; spines on pleura longer than those on remainder of 
abdomen, but not arranged in distinct longitudinal rows as in Ptychoptera, being usually more 
irregular, in some cases showing three or four more or less distinct rows; these pleural chitin- 
ized areas usually bearing from two to four tubercles, which are closely approximated basally 
so as to present a somewhat branched appearance. Male cauda (Plate XVIII, 48) as in 
Ptychoptera, but dorsal median lobe very short and stout; tubercles on segment immediately 
before cauda long and slender, similar to those on remainder of abdomen. 
Nepionotype.— Ithaca, New York, May 15, 1917. 
Neanotype.— Orono, Maine, June 24, 1918. 
Paratypes.— With the type pupa. 
Malloch’s figure of the pupa (1915-17 b:pl. 35, fig. 6) is diagrammatic. 
It was probably made from a female individual, the antennal sheaths 
being shorter in this sex than in the male. 
Famity Rhyphidae 
Larva.— Body eucsphalous, amphipneustic. Mandibles opposed. Eyespots distinct. 
Spiracies on sides of prothorax. Thoracic and abdominal segments divided by false 
constrictions. Spiracuiar disk surrounded by two or five lobes (Rhyphinae) or by four 
lobes (Trichocerinae), or unprovided with lobes (Mycetobiinae). 
Pupa.—Head with a bilobed setiferous cephalic crest. Palpi stout, straight. Prono- 
tal breathing horns short, not prominent. Tarsal sheaths lying in pairs, one above 
another, the fore legs lying on the middle legs, and these latter on the hind legs. Lateral 
abdominal spiracles small but distinct. 
The family Rhyphidae includes an apparently heterogeneous group 
of genera which are in reality very closely related. The adults are of 
diverse appearance, but the immature stages are exceedingly similar to 
one another and undoubtedly all three of the groups included in the 
family are closely allied. 
The immature stages of the Rhyphinae (Rhyphus) have been discussed 
y many entomologists, among others by Johannsen (1910:35-36, 
