THE CRANE-FLIES oF NEw York — Parr II 791 
very short, disk-shaped, inserted on a large brown-margined plate which is part of the head 
chitin; second segment much narrower, egg-shaped; in addition to this segment there are 
several small sensory papillae on the end of the first segment. 
Segments of body divided into secondary annuli, thoracic segments with two such rings, 
abdominal segments with three; annuli bearing transverse rows of short setae. Anterior 
spiracles on posterior ring of prothorax near lateral margin conspicuous, smaller than posterior 
spiracles but constructed on same general principle. Spiracular disk surrounded by four 
lobes; ventral lobes longer and more slender than dorsal pair, inner face narrowly chitinized, 
outer face densely clothed with abundant short yellow hairs (Plate XIX, 50 and 51); 
dorsal lobes shorter and blunter, with short hairs on apices of outer face. Spiracles large, 
at base of dorsal lobes. 
Pupa.— Length, 7.5-7.8 mm. 
Width, d.-s., 1.4 mm. 
Depth, d.-v., 1.4 mm. 
Coloration whitish; head, thorax, and sheaths of appendages brown. 
Anterior cephalic crest small, lobes widely separated, each tipped with a long, stout seta 
directed ventrad; a tiny seta just behind each anterior lobe. Antennal bases above and 
slightly between the eyes, bent dorsad and thence caudad, passing behind joints of legs, in 
the female attaining to about one-third length of wing. Frontal region between eyes slightly 
tumid, somewhat shiny. Clypeus short, the sides parallel, the apex U-shaped; labrum 
broad, dumb-bell-shaped, the caudal margin concave. Maxillary palpi very short and stout, 
ending before knee joints of fore legs (Plate XIX, 55). A small tubercle just laterad of 
base of antenna. Each cheek produced into a long, blunt, wrinkled tubercle. 
Mesonotum (Plate XIX, 54) strongly gibbous, pale medially, narrowed in front, anterior 
margin truncated and sending a sharp median carina cephalad; sides of mesonotum opposite 
wing root with four small setae, in two slightly separated groups: Anterior angles of pro- 
notum with a short bristle. Breathing horns small, short and almost straight, broad basally, 
apical half narrow, inner face fused or closely approximated with pronotum, apex cleft. 
Wing sheaths attaining level of tips of fore tarsi; venation rather cistinct. Leg sheaths with 
fore legs stout; fore tarsi overlying middle tarsi (Plate XIX, 55); middle tarsi overlying 
hind tarsi; terminal segments of tarsi swollen. Abdominal segments divided into about 
three false annuli; caudal margin of each segment fringed with short hairs. Tiny 
abdominal spiracles on pleural segments. Female ovipositor (Plate XIX, 56) with the dorsal 
valves short, widely separated, acutely pointed; ventral acidotheca elongate, approximated, 
bent slightly ventrad. 
Larvae and pupae.— Patten, Aroostook County, Maine, May 3 and 23, 1907. 
Famity Tipulidae 
The family Tipulidae is the largest group of crane-flies, and possibly 
the only one to which the name is justly applicable. It includes a vast 
number of species (nearly three thousand), arranged in about one hundred 
