802 CHARLES Paut ALEXANDER 
and unlike the somewhat similar-appearing pupa of the Simuliidae, which 
rests with the head upstream, against the current, the pupal case being 
open at the cephalic end only. 
These curious larvae were first noted at Ithaca, New York, in mid- 
April, in Caseadilla Creek. They were common in situations such as 
described above. Larvae were found thruout most of April, May, and 
June; they would probably be seen in somewhat fewer numbers thru 
most of the summer season, since the adult flies have a long seasonal 
appearance. The first pupa was found on May 15, 1917, but the season 
that year was very backward and undoubtedly the species pupates earlier 
in more nearly normal seasons. 
In Cascadilla and Fall Creeks, at Ithaca, the immature stages of Antocha 
are. usually associated with a fauna of rapid-water (lotic) forms, the ~ 
following being the more notable and constant: 
Planarians. Planaria sp. 
Ephemeridae. Nymphs of Baetis, Leptophlebia, Ephemerella, Eedyurus, 
Epeorus, Iron, Heptagenia, Chirotenetes, and others. 
Perlidae. Nymphs of Pteronarcys, Perla immarginata Say, Acro- 
neuria, Neoperla, and others. 
Trichoptera. Larvae and pupae of Helicopsyche (abundant), Hydro- 
psyche, Hydropsychodes, Ithytrichia, Rhyacophila, Lep- 
tocerus, Polycentropus, and others. 
Lepidoptera. Larvae and pupae of Elophila. 
Coleoptera. Larvae of Psephenus. 
Diptera. Larvae and pupae of Blepharocera, Simulium, Ortho- 
cladius, Tanytarsus, and others. 
Early in spring the rocks are plastered with dense coatings of Diato- 
maceae (Navicula, Synedra, Meridion, and other genera), which later 
in the season become much rarer or disappear entirely. It is often impos- 
sible to tell the case of Antocha from that of some very similar caddis- 
worm cases, especially some of the glossosomatine Rhyacophilidae. Dr. ~ 
Noyes found larvae of Antocha in a small, rapid-flowing stream near 
Ringwood Hollow, and here the cases were covered with tiny pebbles 
and it was quite impossible to distinguish them superficially from asso- 
ciated caddis-worm cases. In Cascadilla Creek the little cases of Heli- 
copsyche often plaster the upper surfaces of submerged rocks, and the 
writer has found tubes of Antocha that were almost buried beneath these 
cases. 
