THe CRANE-FuIES oF NEw York — Part II 809 
Pupae 
1. The five basal abdominal sogments on both dorsum and venter with a comb of small, 
blunt teeth; wing sheaths showing an ocellate pattern; pupae living beneath bark of . 
PUL SOILS: URES cee ees ei Bi en ie ie ea ae Discobola O. 8. (p. 815) 
Abdominal segments provided with basal transverse welts of microscopic points on seg- 
EHS MOM eAWine pattern NOL OCellatemsy.martx ado ecmeee cence eee sees sees aan 2 
2. Pronotal breathing horns long and narrow, about three times as long as broad. 
Rhipidia Meig. (p. 825) 
Pronotal breathing horns short and broad, length and breadth not greatly different... .3 
3. Size large (usually over 10 mm.); breathing horns often broader than long. 
Limnobia Meig. (p. 809) 
Size smaller (usually under 10 mm.); breathing horns usually as long as broad. 
Dicranomyia Steph. (p. 819) 
Genus Limnobia Meigen (Gr. swamp + I live) 
1800 Amphinome Meig. Nouv. Class. Mouch., p. 15 (nomen nudum, preoccupied in 
Annelida). 
1803 Limonia Meig. Illiger’s Mag., vol. 2, p. 262. 
1818 Limnobia Meig. Syst. Beschr. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 116. 
1818 Unomyia Meig. Syst. Beschr. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 116. 
1856 Limnomyza Rond. Dipt. Ital. Prodr., vol. 1, p. 185. 
Larva.— Form stout, terete. Abdominal segments with dorsal and ventra: transverse 
welts covered with chitinized points on basal rings. Spiracular disk surrounded by indis- 
tinct lobes, the spiracles large. Head capsule large, massive, the dorsal plate narrowed 
behind and more or less bifid at its tip. Labrum transversely oval, with sensory bristles 
near margin. Mandible blunt, with from four to seven cutting teeth. Maxilla simple, 
cardo and stipes large. Antenna with apical papilla button-like. Mentum broad, margin 
with from eleven to thirteen teeth. Hypopharynx a circlet of two chitinized plates, each 
with from twelve to fifteen teeth. 
Pupa.— No cephalic crest. Pronotal breathing horns flattened, earlike, as broad as, or 
broader than, long. Mesonotum unarmed. Abdomen with transverse welts of fine hooks 
on basal annuli of tergites 3 to 7 and sternites 5 to 7. Two tiny spiracles on dorsum of 
eighth abdomina) segment. 
Limnobia is a rather small genus (comprising about forty-five species) 
of usually large and handsome flies. The species are most numerous 
thruout the Holarctic and Ethiopian regions. The immature stages have 
a wide range of habitat. 
Of the European species, Limnobia bifasciata Schr. [= L. xanthoptera 
Meig.| is characteristically fungicolous, the larvae occurring in various 
species of Agaricus and related genera as stated by Stannius, Pastejrik, 
De Meijere, and other investigators. LL. decemmaculata Lw. occurs in 
fungi (Daedalea and similar species), as recorded by Loew (1873) and by 
Verrall (1912). L. quadrim«culata (Linn.) [= L. annulus Meig.] often 
occurs in tree fungi but is not confined to this habitat. This species, 
