840 CHARLES PauL ALEXANDER 
caudal end of the larva is described as having but four lobes; no mention 
is made of the median dorsal lobe found in the American species, and it 
is presumably lacking or very reduced in size. Pierre (1919-20:76) has 
reared this species from larvae living in Russula nigricans Fries. 
Another European species, U. bolitophila Loew, was bred from larvae 
living in fungi on beech trees in Austria (Loew, 1869:4-5). 
In America, the immature stages of Ula elegans have been discussed 
by the writer (Alexander, 1915a), the notes given below being in part 
supplementary to his earlier account. 
Ula elegans O. 8. 
1869 Ula elegans O.S. Mon. Dipt. N. Amer., part 4, p. 276-277. 
Ula elegans is a rather common species in mountainous regions thruout 
the northeastern United States. The adult flies swarm in early spring 
and again in the fall. At Ithaca, New York, on May 14, 1912, the writer 
found them swarming at half past four in the afternoon. There were 
about fifteen to twenty individuals in a swarm within a foot or two of 
the ground. In some cases the swarms were reduced to two or three 
individuals, or in a few instances to a single specimen. In copulation 
the flies rest on the upper surface of near-by plants (Symplocarpus, in the 
instance cited), with all the legs on the support. Copulation is rather 
firm, and the insects fly for short distances still united. The only crane-fly 
associated with Ula at that time was Limnophila ultima O. 8. 
On September 15, 1912, the writer found a fleshy species of fungus 
(Fomes) growing on a much-decayed stump close to the ground. This 
fungus contained a number of crane-fly larvae, including about thirty-five 
larvae of Limnobia cinctipes, a lesser number of L. triocellata, and many 
larvae of Ula elegans. The larvae of these species frequented the upper 
layers of the mushroom and had reduced the surface to a semi-liquid 
state. At the end of a week the whole fungus was reduced to a very 
decayed condition. The fungus, which was taken at Gloversville, New 
York, was then transferred to Ithaca, and was placed in large glass Jars, 
with sand in the bottom to take up the liquids produced by decay and 
to provide a place for pupation. The first adults emerged on October 
14. Emergence continued until the 27th, when the remaining pupae 
were killed and placed in alcohol. At that time they were very dark- 
