THE CRANE-FLIES OF New York — Part II 849 
Mandible short and blunt, of the generalized limnobiine type, the two apical teeth blunt. 
Manilla not greatly projecting. Antenna slender, with two elongate apical papillae. Hypo- 
pharynx a chitinized band, with numerous teeth along anterior margin. MMentum completely 
divided, each half with about seven teeth. 
Pupa.— Cephalic crest tipped with long setae. Pronotal breathing horns elongate, 
tips deeply split into divergent flaps. Abdominal segments with transverse rows of setiferous 
tubercles, there being five such rows on the tergites and six on the sternites. Lateral spiracles 
protuberant. 
The name Pseudolimnophila was proposed for a certain group of the 
old genus Limnophila, including L. luteipennis and its allies. The adult 
flies closely resemble species of Limnophila, but the immature stages are 
very different and of a distinctly more generalized type. 
The larvae are herbivores, with the mentum heavily chitinized, com- 
pletely divided into two halves, the margin conspicuously toothed, the 
hypopharynx heavily chitinized and with numerous teeth, and the mandi- 
bles short and blunt and with many obtuse teeth. The points of resem- 
blance to the Limnobia type are numerous, and the head capsule shows 
few features in common with Limnophila, in the restricted sense. The 
pupae have the abdomen with numerous transverse rows of setiferous 
tubereles bearing long setae. The genotype is Limnophila luteipennis 
O. §., of eastern North America. Other species referable to this genus 
are L. inornata, L. contempta, L. nigripleura, and L. noveboracensis, of the 
Nearctic fauna; L. lucorum (Meig.), of Europe; and L. frugi Bergr., 
. claduroneura Speis., L. natalensis Alex., L. spectabilis Alex., and several 
ther species, of the Ethiopian fauna. 
Hart (1898 [1895]:202-204) describes the habits of P. lutezpennis in 
some detail. Larvae about half grown were found on March 17, 1895, 
these attaining their growth and pupating on April 13. Hart ascertained 
by dissection that the species is a herbivore, feeding on fragments of 
dead vegetation, numerous diatoms of many species, and minute algae. 
As in many species of the Limnophilaria and a few other groups of 
crane-flies, the spiracular lobes are fringed with long, delicate hairs which 
spread out on the surface film of the water into broad fans. The larva 
is unable to release itSelf from the hold of the water except by looping 
the head and the anterior end of the body around the posterior end, and 
drawing the latter thru this loop, repeating this action until the hairs 
have gone below the level of the film. 
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