856 CHARLES Paut ALEXANDER 
pupal skin was not in condition for study, but now that the larval habitat 
is known it is hoped that more material of the immature stages will 
become available. 
Subtribe Limnophilaria 
The division Limnophilaria comprises a large and heterogeneous group 
of species which in their larval and pupal characters grade rather insensibly 
into the next subtribe, the Hexatomaria, altho the adults of the two 
subtribes are very distinct. 
The larvae of the various species in the group Limnophilae are rather 
similar to one another. The head capsule is long and narrow, with the 
lateral plates very slender. The labrum is ample, with several sensory 
papillae and setae. The antennae (which are two-segmented in the 
subgenera Phylidorea and Lasiomastix, and probably also in Dicrano- 
phragma and others) bear at their tips, in addition to the usual elongate 
setae, an oval or elongate-oval papilla which is delicately sculptured. 
The mental region is feebly chitinized, and consists of two short longitudinal 
bars articulated at their cephalic ends with a transverse bar which functions 
as the mental plate; this bar, or plate, is usually delicately grooved with 
parallel striae, a type of articulation that allows for great distention of 
the gular region in feeding. ‘The mandibles are powerful chitinized hooks 
bearing two or more acute or flattened teeth at about midlength. The 
outer lobes of the maxillae project far cephalad as pale flattened blades. 
The spiracular disk, in the primitive condition, is squarely truncated 
and is surrounded by five subequal lobes which are fringed with rather 
short hairs. The dorso-median lobe is lost in most species, but the two 
pairs of lobes are more or less preserved in the other species known to the 
writer, altho the lateral pair is sometimes reduced to a mere fringe or 
tuft of hairs. The terminal fringes of the ventral lobes are often greatly 
elongated, and fanlike. The anal gills are four in number, retractile, 
and rarely conspicuous. As is usual in many mud- or sand-inhabiting 
species of Tipulidae, the larvae are capable of greatly distending the 
subterminal abdominal segment. This segment is often provided with 
numerous transverse rows of fine points, and its inflation assists in th 
larva’s progression thru the soil. 
The larvae of the group are carnivorous, and almost without exceptio 
are exceedingly agile and snakelike in their motions. 
