Tor CRANE-Fires or New York — Part II 859 
The immature stages of several species have been made known, but 
there are still very considerable gaps in the present knowledge. The 
larvae are among the most carnivorous of all crane-fly larvae. The 
feeble chitinization of the mental region allows for great distention, and 
oftentimes the prey of these larvae consists of forms that are nearly as 
large as the captors themselves. 
The data regarding extra-American species may be summarized as 
follows: 
Limnophila bryobia Mik (1881: 205-206) was reared from moss, taken in 
the Auckland Islands, near New Zealand, in the summer (December to 
February) of 1874-75. The moss was dried and then placed in a tem- 
perature of from 12° to 15° Réaumur. In March of 1879 an adult fly 
appeared. This long interval of more than four years was supposed by 
Mik to have been passed by the insect as a larva, the dry moss furnishing 
the food. Possibly the eggs were carried over for a long period before 
hatching. 
Limnophila sinistra Hutton, of New Zealand, has been discussed in some 
detail by Hudson (1920:33-34), who states that this species is common in 
most dense forests thruout the country. The larva inhabits fallen tree- 
trunks in an advanced state of decay, forming burrows between the soft, 
decayed part and the harder part of the wood. It is about 25 millimeters 
in length, cylindrical, tapering toward the head, which is very small, and 
furnished with two minute jaws and a pair of very short antennae. There 
are eleven visible body segments. The extremity of the last segment is 
truncate and deeply excavated, the concavity being protected by five con- 
verging spines, which can be spread out or drawn inward at the will of 
the insect. Pedal warts occur on the undersides of all the segments except 
the three immediately following the head and the terminal segment. The 
pupa is about 12 millimeters in length, and rather stout. The breathing 
horns are about one-third the length of the wing sheaths, and are mod- 
erately stout and strongly recurved. There are two dorsai rows of hooks 
on each exposed abdominal segment and one ventral row near the termi- 
nal extremity. The valves of the ovipositor are strongly recurved and 
very stout. The head and the thorax are dark brownish black, highly 
polished; the abdomen is grayish ocherous, darker in the middle; the ovi- 
positor and the terminal segments of the posterior tarsi are reddish. 
The pupa rests in a burrow made by the larva near the surface of the log. 
