860 CHARLES PauL ALEXANDER 
Edwards has decided that this insect and a few related species should be 
placed in a new genus. ‘The affinities of the fly, to judge from the details 
supplied by Hudson, are with the Epiphragmaria rather than with the 
Limnophilaria, but until more details are forthcoming it cannot be defi- 
nitely referred to that division. 
Limnophila (Phylidorea) ferruginea (Meig.), of Europe, is closely allied 
to DL. adusta (page 867), and is of especial interest as being the type of 
the subgenus Phylidorea. It was reared by De Meijere (1916: 204-206) 
from larvae found living between saturated decaying leaves along the 
banks of watercourses. Further mention of the species is made under 
the discussion of the subgenus Phylidorea (page 866). 
Limnophila hyalipennis (Zett.), of Europe, was found by Beling (1886: 
198-199) in piny woods, where the larvae live in old ant hills or in piles 
of earth thrown up by wagon wheels. The apparent lack of pupal breathing 
horns in this species is discussed on page 755. The European species 
L. lineola (Meig.) (Beling, 1879:54 and 1886:199-200), L. nemoralis 
(Meig.) (Beling, 1886:200-201), and L. ochracea (Meig.) (Beling, 1886: 
202) are all found in damp earth along the margins of woodland streams 
or in damp spots in the woods. Larvae of L. dispar (Meig.) were found 
by Perris (1849:331) living in the hard, withered stalks of an umbellifer, 
Angelica sylvestris Linn., where they hollowed out long passages in the 
pith. (This reference is cited by Mik, 1881:204, and by Osten Sacken, 
1869: 201-202.) Limnophila pallida Bel. was reared by Beling (18738a: 
557) from larvae living in a decaying ash trunk. 
The reference to Limnophila platyptera Macq. given by Heeger (1854) 
is considered by Osten Sacken (1869:4, 202) to refer to a mycetophilid, 
probably Bolitophila. 
The American species that are now known are considered in the 
following pages. In addition, Limnophila unica O. 8. has been bred from 
larvae found in decaying wood. 
It is very probable that some of the species listed above, as well as 
many of the limnophiline forms that are still unknown as regards their 
immature stages, will be found to belong to some one or other of the 
remaining divisions of the tribe, rather than to the Limnophilaria as here 
restricted. This group requires more careful study than does any other 
division of crane-flies. 
