884 CHARLES PauL ALEXANDER 
were larvae and pupae found in close proximity to each other. Pupa 
of EH. spinosa, as well as of all other species of the tribe as known, ar 
very active when removed from their burrows, wriggling rapidly to an 
fro, and are exceedingly tenacious of life. Larvae, as found on Ma 
27, were mostly contracted; a few, however, were expanded and had th 
subterminal segment of the abdomen swollen. In this regard it may b 
mentioned that almost all of the larvae of crane-flies that live in the san 
or mud along the banks of streams have this ability to inflate the en 
of the abdomen. Larvae of Eriopterini, of Pediciini, and of Hexatomir 
have been observed with this conspicuous enlargement. It is undoubted! 
used to propel the larva thru the soil by alternate expansion and con 
traction of the segment. 
Larvae of HE. spinosa were placed in breeding jars on May 13 and adul 
flies emerged on the 28th. It is probable that the pupal stage is ne 
longer than from ten to twelve days, at the most. On May 30 a larg 
number of larvae and pupae were brought into the laboratory in a bucke 
of gravel. Some of the fully matured pupae transformed in the pa 
while being brought to the laboratory. 
The larvae are carnivorous. Their powerful, sickle-shaped mandible 
are capable of inflicting a painful bite on tender parts of the hand. S. C 
Rich placed larvae in dishes together with the nymphs of various drago 
flies. The smaller of the nymphs were eaten by the Eriocera larvae, thu 
confirming previous observations on the carnivorous habits of the specie 
Larva.— Length when fully extended, 40-45 mm. 
Diameter, 4-5 mm. 
Color varying from very pale whitish to rather dark brown; in life, the skin showir 
conspicuous bronzy reflections. 
Spiracular disk (Plate LIV, 262) surrounded by four slender elongate lobes, one pair beir 
lateral, the other ventral, in position; inner face of lateral lobes with a capillary black lin 
this beginning as an enlarged black spot just ventrad of spiracle, reaching tip of lobe; dors 
outer edge of lobe with a dense fringe of long, conspicuous, reddish hairs, inner edge of r 
beginning just laterad of spiracle where the hairs are very short, gradually becoming long 
to tip, where they are as long as the lobe itself; ventral lobe with a capillary black line 
proximal edge, this dividing at base of lobe, the lower branch running along ventral mar, 
of stigmal field and approaching its fellow of the opposite side on median line of body; 
dense fringe of conspicuous reddish hairs at tip of lobe and continued on outer dorsal si 
for a short distance toward base; a few dusky brown spots on stigmal fietd between spiracl 
two small hairs between spiracles. Spiracles rather small, widely separated. Undern 
caudal lobes and behind penultimate swollen segment, four anal gills, short. stout, cylindric 
