906 CHARLES Paut ALEXANDER 
these areas near base of segments. Female cauda (Plate LXIII, 334) with tergal valves 
elongate, tapering gradually to the rather blunt tips; sternal valves very small, blunt at tips; 
at base, on dorsal side of eighth segment, two setiferous tubercles. 
Nepionotype.— Larch Meadows, Ithaca, New York, May 15, 1917. No. 52-1917. 
Neanotype.— Ithaca, May 27, 1917, a cast pupal skin. 
Group Dicranotae 
Genus Dicranota Zetterstedt (Gr. a fork) 
1838 Dicranota Zett. Ins. Lapponica, Dipt., p. 851, no. 164. 
Dicranota is a small genus of crane-flies (about fifteen described species) 
occurring thruout the Holarctic region. Four species are found in easter 
North America. None of the American species have been reared. I 
Europe, the life history and morphology of Dicranota bimaculata (Schum. 
has been discussed in detail by Miall (1893) and by Wesenberg-Lun 
(1915: 342-348). Larvae were found by Miall in numbers in the mudd 
banks of small streams and ponds, where they bury themselves in th 
mud and gravel. They creep about with ease and rapidity between th 
sand and gravcl, and are able to swim well by a looping movement. Thei 
food consists largely of small worms, T'ubifex rivulorum Lam., whic 
abound in these haunts. The pupal stage is passed in damp earth. Th 
larva is stated to be about 18 millimeters in length, but this seems to b 
a maximum figure. The body is dirty white in color and is covered wit! 
fine, appressed hairs. Abdominal segments 3 to 7 bear paired retractil 
pseudopods, which are circled with three rows of chitinized hooks graduail 
decreasing in size from the tips inward. The anal gills, four in number 
are distinctly segmented. The head capsule is elongate and massiv 
as in the tribe. The mentum is completely divided, its anterior margi 
having the usual six teeth. The mandible is of the usual pediciine typ 
with acute teeth on the ventral cutting edge and a brush of hairs ne 
the prosthecal region. (Plate LXIV.) 
The pupa is small, only about 10 millimeters in length, and has tl 
pronotal breathing horns expanded and flattened at the tips. The dors 
surface of the abdomen is provided with roughened plates armed wit 
rather strong and dense spines, there being one such plate on the thn 
segment, two on the fourth to sixth segments, and one on the seven 
segment. 
