938 CHARLES PauL ALEXANDER 
Genus Gonomyia Meigen (Gr. angle + fly) 
1818 Gonomyia Meig. Syst. Beschr. Zweifl. Ins., vol. 1, p. 146. 
1856 Taphrosia Rond. Dipt. Ital. Prodr., vol. 1, p. 182. 
1869 Goniomyia O.S. Mon. Dipt. N. Amer., part 4, p. 176. 
Larva.— Form elongate, terete. Spiracular disk surrounded by five blunt lobes which are 
heavily marked with brown, in some species (G. alexanderi) the brown suffusing the disk 
between the spiracles. Head capsule of eriopterine type. Mandible with lateral teeth 
slender, flattened. Antenna with apical papilla elongate-oval. Mentum not chitinized. 
Pupa.— Cephalic crest blunt, the surface with minute roughenings. Pronotal breathing 
horns flattened, fanlike (G. sulphurella), or short, trumpet-shaped. Mesonotum declivitous, 
at crest with an interrupted transverse row of six to eight tubercles which are densely beset 
with sharp black spicuies. Wing sheaths attaining base of third abdominal segment. Leg 
sheaths moderately elongated, reaching base of fourth abdominal segment; tips of middle 
tarsi ending a short distance before apices of other tarsi. Armature of abdominal segments 
weak. Lateral spiracles distinct, tubular. Five blunt, fleshy lobes on dorsum of eighth 
abdominal segment. 
Gonomyia is a large and diverse genus of small crane-flies (including 
more than one hundred known species) described from all parts of the 
world. They are divided into four recent subgenera, of which three — 
Gonomyia Meig., Progonomyia (new name for Gonomyella Alex., pre- 
occupied), and Leiponeura Skuse — occur in the Nearctic fauna. 
The immature stages of the known specics are spent in moist sand or 
earth, usually near water. In Europe, G. tenella Meig. (Beling, 1879: 56, 
mention only) was found in August in damp, sandy earth along the margin 
of a dried-up brook. 
The writer has found the immature stages of Gonomyia (Leiponeura) 
alexanderi and G. (G.) kansensis in wet sand near rivers. G. sulphurella 
and G. subcinerea O. S. occur in muddicr and more stagnant conditions 
near ponds and small streams. 
Not enough larvae are available for study to require a key at this 
time. The pupae of the known Nearctic species may be distinguished by 
the following key: 
1. Pronotal breathing horns narrow at base, expanded distally into a very flattened, fan- 
like blade with delicate and anastomosing nervures....... G. sulphurella O. S. (p. pe 
Pronotal breathing horns not as above, more earlike or trumpet-shaped..............- 
2. Pronotal breathing horns massive, trumpet-shaped; Iiter2l margin of thorax hee 
wing root produced into an angle; male cauda small, elongate, dorsal lobes a littl 
shorter than ventral lobes, with two stout lobes on dors2l side fer removed from thei 
[OEY ORME MEIN, . Wicd Win Grit Oe eh re omc EN Pre eet aR PEI ea G. alexanderi (Johns.) (p. 939) 
Pronotal breathing horns flattened, earlike or narrowly trumvet-shaped; lateral margin: 
of thorax above wing root broad and blunt; male cauda short, stout, dorsal and ventra 
lobes subequal in length, the latter closely approximated along median 1 line, the forme 
widely separated, at their base with two acute points........ G. kansensis Alex. (p. 941 
