948 CHARLES PAuL ALEXANDER 
curiously combines the structural characters of Cladura, Pterochionea, 
and Crypteria. In the long basal fusion-segment of the antennal flagellum 
and in the wing venation, it agrees with Pterochionea and, to a somewhat 
lesser degree, with Cladura. In the structure of the male hypopygium, 
which has two slender pleural appendages, it departs widely from the 
type of typical Cladura, Chionea, and Pterochionea, and agrees better 
with Crypteria, as well as with Conosia vy. d. W. and Lecteria O. S. 
Because of this combination of characters, Neocladura must be separated 
in some manner from Cladura in the strict sense. It must be borne in 
mind, however, that the conspicuous difference in the structure of the 
male hypopygium probably has a phylogenetic significance, and the two 
flies may not be so closely united as this arrangement would indicate. 
The habits of the adult flies of Cladura and Neocladura are generally 
similar. Both species fly in late summer and in the autumn. They 
often occur on dry, wooded hillsides remote from streams and other 
bodies of water. The habits of the adult flies of Cladura flavoferrugine 
have been discussed by the writer in an earlier paper (Alexander, 1910: 250, 
as C, indivisa). His observations, made near Gloversville, New York, o 
September 22, 1909, are as follows: 
I went to Simmon’s Woods, southeast of Gloversville, New York, this afternoon, an 
was very agreeably surprised at the occurrence, in large numbers, of this usually uncommo 
insect. Near the entrance of the woods, where Simmon’s Brook emerges, the insects wer 
found in numbers. At each step they flew out of the bushes to others farther away. The 
are wary insects, and when sitting on the upper side of a leaf, slip over the edge and han 
inverted from the lower side when alarmed by an observer. They present a very character 
istic attitude, sitting on the leaf of a tree, with their wings folded flat over the abdomen, an 
the six long legs stretched out over the leaf. A few were taken in copulation; these wer 
all hanging on the under side ofa leaf. Their habit of clinging to the under surface of a lea 
is quite remarkable and I found several by looking for them there. 
There were hundreds of specimens in the low bushes of the woods, usually on the broa 
leaves of deciduous trees at a height of two or three feet. Sometimes they would aligh 
on hemlock, and, occasionally, in ferns near the ground. It was the only tipulid observe 
ere to-day. 
The eggs of C. delicatula have been taken from gravid females. The 
are comparatively few in number, but because of their unusual size the 
almost fill the entire abdominal cavity of the fly. These large eggs ar 
elongate-ovate in shape. 
Cladura flavoferruginea O. S. 
1859 Cladura flavoferruginea O. S. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pl. 4, fig. 34. 
1861 Cladura indwisa O. 8. Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 291. 
