THE CRANE-FLIES oF NEw York — Part II 949 
The immature stages of Cladura flavoferruginea were discovered while 
this paper was in press. A brief account of the larvae and pupae are 
given here in order to complete the data. 
The Jarvae were found in Augurville Woods near Urbana, Illinois. 
They occurred in soil which was baked hard and dry and which supported 
scarcely any other insect life. Associated with the larvae when first 
discovered were larvae of a scarabaeid, Xyloryctes satyrus; a tenebrionid, 
Meracantha contracta; a few dipterous larvae of the genera Sciara and Psilo-— 
cephala; millepedes of the genus Spirobolus; and a few less common forms 
of animal life. A layer of dead leaves and other decaying vegetable matter 
covered the surface, but this had not prevented an almost complete drying 
out of the soil to a depth varying from six inches to more than a foot. 
The only other tipulid larvae characteristic of such dry soil are species of 
Dicranoptycha (page 828). 
The most conspicuous features of the pupa are its exceedingly small 
size as compared with the adult fly that emerges from it, and the entire 
lack of protuberant pronotal breathing horns. ; 
Larva.— Length, 10-i0.5 mm. 
Diameter, 1.2 mm. 
Coloration light yellow thruout. 
Form comparatively short and stout. Integument provided with a delicate appressed 
pubescence; no distinct setae. Basal annulus of abdominal segments 2 to 7 with a transverse 
area of microscopic points arranged in long transverse rows; last ventral segment with a flat- 
tened lobe covered with short setae, evidently an crgan for shoving. Spiracular disk entirely 
without lobes, the spiracles being located on the exposed dorso-caudal surface of the last 
abdominal segment. Head capsule relatively compact; frontal plate broad, only slightly 
marrowed behind. Labrum quadrate, with conspicuous oval lateral arms. Antenna two- 
segmented, terminal segment elongate-oval. Mandibles of a herbivorous type, with an apical 
oint and two incomplete rows of teeth on inner, or cutting, face. Mental bars widely 
eparated, each bar provided with two acute teeth at its proximal end. 
Pupa.— Length, 6.7 mm. 
Width, 1.4 mm. 
Depth, 1.4 mm. 
Coloration pale yellow; head, thorax, and appendages darkening in age. 
Cephalic crest gibbous, entire or feebly bifid, armed on either side with a single powerful 
ristle; two bristles on vertex and two on front; labrum with a pair of small bristles at each 
ephalic lateral angle. Labial lobes subquadrate, weakly separated by apex of labral sheath. 
alpal sheaths short and stout, straight. Lateral margin of eye produced laterad into a 
igitiform lobe. Antennal sheaths extending to opposite one-third length of wing sheaths. 
ronotal breathing pores entirely sessile. Pronotum and mesonotum armed with 
