THE CRANE-F LIES oF New York — Part II 961 
iogma glabrata............-. Larva, pupa, general... Miiggenberg, 1901. 
jogma glabrata.............. Larva, general........ De Rossi, 1902. 
logma glabrata.............. Generale eee Alexander, 1914: 106-107. 
Liogma glabrata.............. Larva, pupa, general... Lenz, 1920b:117-121. 
Liogma nodicornis............ Larva, pupa, general... Alexander, 1914: 107-115. 
Triogma trisulcata............ Larva, general........ Steinmann, 1907-08. 
Triogma trisulcata........... Larva, pupa, general.. Miiller, 1908-09. 
Triogma trisulcata........... Larva, general........ Wesenberg-Lund, 1915: 347-348 (as 
Liogma glabrata). 
Triogma trisulcata........... Larva, pupa, general... Lenz, 1920b:121-127. 
Genus Phalacrocera Schiner (Gr. bald + horn) 
1863 Paalacrocera Schin. Wien. Ent. Monatschr., vol. 7, p. 224. 
Larva.— Body covered with numerous elongate, trachea-bearing filaments, the posterior 
pair on dorsal segments deeply forked, the others simple. Spiracular disk with dorsal pair 
of lobes formed by rudimentary posterior branch of branched filaments of eighth abdominal 
segment. Head capsule compact. Mentum with about fifteen teeth. 
Pupa.— Cephalic crest low, not setiferous. Pronotal breathing horns long, almost 
straight. Dorsal abdominal segments with tubercles, those of sixth and eighth segments 
enlarged into spinous hooks; two pointed tubercles on seventh sternite. 
Phalacrocera is a small genus (four species) of medium-sized to large, 
dull-colored flies, of which the genotype, Phalacrocera replicata, is Euro- 
pean, P. mikado Alex. is Japanese, and the two remaining species are 
North American. 
The adult flies of the American species are not common, the best-known, 
P. tipulina O.S., being most frequently found in or near sphagnum bogs in 
mountainous localities. Needham (1908a:209) found the wings of an indi- 
vidual of this species in the pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea Linn., in the 
Adirondack Mountains, together with the wings of four specimens of Ele- 
phantomyia westwood: and numerous other insects. Most of the specimens 
that have been found by the writer were taken in close proximity to bogs. 
The immature stages of Phalacrocera replicata have long been known, 
having been described by De Geer and other early workers on insect 
biology. More recently the life history, anatomy, and morphology have 
been discussed in commendable detail by several other writers (page 960). 
Both the larvae and the pupae are aquatic, living among submerged 
plants in quiet, but non-stagnant, water. 
The immature stages of P. tipulina are very much to be desired, as 
the adult shows some features in its organization not found in the other 
species of the genus.® 
§ The larva of this species was discovered by J. Speed Rogers in 1920. 
