970 CHARLES PauL ALEXANDER 
by the males just after they have forsaken the pupal skin and while stil 
teneral and undeveloped. Each female lays about sixty eggs, and thes 
are deposited singly on the leaves or branches, or attached lightly to th 
axils of the leaves, of Hypnum squarrosum. Egg deposition begins fro 
one-half to one day after copulation, and may be extended, with man 
interruptions of greater or less extent, thru a whole day. The eggs ar 
from 1 to 1.2 millimeters long, spindle-shaped, yellowish green in color 
the chorion with a reticulate sculpturing. After the accomplishment o 
oviposition the exhausted female soon dies. The larvae when first hatche 
‘ are 2 millimeters in length and do not yet possess the beautiful moss-gree 
color of the later stage. With the exception of the chitinized head capsule 
they appear ashy gray. The numerous thornlike projections are to b 
noted already in the same positions as those of the developed larva, bu 
do not show the branching of the later stages. In the autumn the youn 
larva grows very slowly, and during the winter it is still very small an 
difficult to detect. In the spring the growth is greatly accelerated, an 
the larva becomes fully grown during the latter half of June. Whil 
attaining its growth the larva molts several times, probably at leas 
eight — the number determined for Phalacrocera by Bengtsson. Pupatio 
occurs in the moss where the larva happens to be. In its green color 
with brown blotches, the larva remarkably simulates its host plant an 
the effect of the shadows cast by the plant stems and leaves. The larva 
are extremely sluggish in their habits. 
The American species Liogma nodicornis has been found in various mosse 
of the genus Hypnum (Alexander, 1914). The immature stages of thi 
species are discussed below. 
The following keys separate the species of Liogma: 
Larvae 
Prothoracic segment bearing four conspicuous dorsal projections about on a line; meso- an 
metathorax with two pairs of dorsal appendages, each bearing two lateral teeth in front 
second abdominal segment with four dorsal appendages, the last two bearing two teet 
im fronty(Palaecarctic)) cy eae sea aes eee to eeee nee glabrata (Meig.) (p. 969 
Prothoracic segment bearing four inconspicuous dorsal tubercles; meso- and metathorax wit 
two pairs of dorsal appendages, the anterior pair small, both pairs simple; second abdomin 
segment with four dorsal appendages, the last two bearing a single small tooth in fron 
GNearctio) eiacrel weete cic calsaiee cesses ine ok cio ee eee nodicornis (O.-8.) (p. 971 
